Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Sandhu JS, Bixler BR, Dahm P, et al. Management of lower urinary tract symptoms attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): AUA guideline amendment 2023. J Urol. 2024 Jan;211(1):11-9.Full text  Abstract

European Association of Urology. Management of non-neurogenic male LUTS. 2024 [internet publication].Full text

Elterman D, Aubé-Peterkin M, Evans H, et al. Update - Canadian Urological Association guideline: male lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia. Can Urol Assoc J. 2022 Aug;16(8):245-56.Full text  Abstract

Expert Panel on Urological Imaging; Alexander LF, Oto A, Allen BC, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® lower urinary tract symptoms - suspicion of benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Am Coll Radiol. 2019 Nov;16(11s):S378-83.Full text  Abstract

McConnell JD, Roehrborn CG, Bautista O, et al. The long-term effect of doxazosin, finasteride, and combination therapy on the clinical progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia. N Engl J Med. 2003 Dec 18;349(25):2387-98. Abstract

1. D'Ancona C, Haylen B, Oelke M, et al. The International Continence Society (ICS) report on the terminology for adult male lower urinary tract and pelvic floor symptoms and dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn. 2019 Feb;38(2):433-77. Abstract

2. Aggarwal H, Zimmern PE. Underactive bladder. Curr Urol Rep. 2016 Mar;17(3):17. Abstract

3. Egan KB. The epidemiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia associated with lower urinary tract symptoms: prevalence and incident rates. Urol Clin North Am. 2016 Aug;43(3):289-97. Abstract

4. GBD 2019 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Collaborators. The global, regional, and national burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia in 204 countries and territories from 2000 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2022 Nov;3(11):e754-76.Full text  Abstract

5. Speakman M, Kirby R, Doyle S, et al. Burden of male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) - focus on the UK. BJU Int. 2015 Apr;115(4):508-19. Abstract

6. Isaacs JT, Coffey DS. Etiology and disease process of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate. 1989;15(S2):33-50. Abstract

7. Patel AK, Chapple CR. Benign prostatic hyperplasia: treatment in primary care. BMJ. 2006 Sep 9;333(7567):535-9. Abstract

8. Berry SJ, Coffey DS, Walsh PC, et al. The development of human benign prostatic hyperplasia with age. J Urol. 1984 Sep;132(3):474-9. Abstract

9. Lim KB. Epidemiology of clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia. Asian J Urol. 2017 Jul;4(3):148-151.Full text  Abstract

10. Partin AW, Page WF, Lee BR, et al. Concordance rates for benign prostatic disease among twins suggest hereditary influence. Urology. 1994 Nov;44(5):646-50. Abstract

11. Masumori N, Tsukamoto T, Kumamoto Y, et al. Japanese men have smaller prostate volumes but comparable urinary flow rates relative to American men: results of community based studies in 2 countries. J Urol. 1996 Apr;155(4):1324-7. Abstract

12. Cabelin MA, Te AE, Kaplan SA. Benign prostatic hyperplasia: challenges for the new millennium. Curr Opin Urol. 2000 Jul;10(4):301-6. Abstract

13. Ziada A, Rosenblum M, Crawford ED. Benign prostatic hyperplasia: an overview. Urology. 1999 Mar;53(3 Suppl 3a):1-6. Abstract

14. Kasturi S, Russell S, McVary KT. Metabolic syndrome and lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Curr Urol Rep. 2006 Jul;7(4):288-92. Abstract

15. Parsons JK. Modifiable risk factors for benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms: new approaches to old problems. J Urol. 2007 Aug;178(2):395-401. Abstract

16. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Lower urinary tract symptoms in men: management. Jun 2015 [internet publication].Full text

17. Sandhu JS, Bixler BR, Dahm P, et al. Management of lower urinary tract symptoms attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): AUA guideline amendment 2023. J Urol. 2024 Jan;211(1):11-9.Full text  Abstract

18. European Association of Urology. Management of non-neurogenic male LUTS. 2024 [internet publication].Full text

19. Yang CC, Miller JL, Omidpanah A, et al. Physical examination for men and women with urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a MAPP (Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain) Network study. Urology. 2018 Jun;116:23-9.Full text  Abstract

20. Elterman D, Aubé-Peterkin M, Evans H, et al. Update - Canadian Urological Association guideline: male lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia. Can Urol Assoc J. 2022 Aug;16(8):245-56.Full text  Abstract

21. American Urological Association. Fifteen things physicians and patients should question. Choosing Wisely, an initiative of the ABIM Foundation. 2022 [internet publication].Full text

22. Barocas DA, Boorjian SA, Alvarez RD, et al. Microhematuria: AUA/SUFU guideline. J Urol. 2020 Oct;204(4):778-86.Full text  Abstract

23. Schröder FH, Hugosson J, Roobol MJ, et al; ERSPC Investigators. Screening and prostate-cancer mortality in a randomized European study. N Engl J Med. 2009 Mar 26;360(13):1320-8.Full text  Abstract

24. Andriole GL, Crawford ED, Grubb RL 3rd, et al. Mortality results from a randomized prostate-cancer screening trial. N Engl J Med. 2009 Mar 26;360(13):1310-9.Full text  Abstract

25. Wei JT, Barocas D, Carlsson S, et al. Early detection of prostate cancer: AUA/SUO guideline part I: prostate cancer screening. J Urol. 2023 Jul;210(1):46-53.Full text  Abstract

26. US Preventive Services Task Force; Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Owens DK et al. Screening for prostate cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2018 May 8;319(18):1901-13.Full text  Abstract

27. Donovan JL, Peters TJ, Abrams P, et al. Scoring the short form ICSmaleSF questionnaire. International Continence Society. J Urol. 2000 Dec;164(6):1948-55. Abstract

28. Schou J, Poulsen AL, Nordling J. The value of a new symptom score (DAN-PSS) in diagnosing uro-dynamic infravesical obstruction in BPH. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1993;27(4):489-92.Full text  Abstract

29. Glaser AP, Kristof TW, Judge C, et al. The 10-item LURN Symptom Index (LURN SI-10) detects additional symptoms and shows convergent validity with the IPSS in men presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms. Urology. 2023 Jan;171:184-9. Abstract

30. El-Zawahry A, Alanee S, Malan-Elzawahry A. The use of urodynamics assessment before the surgical treatment of BPH. Curr Urol Rep. 2016 Oct;17(10):73. Abstract

31. Reynard JM, Yang Q, Donovan JL, et al. The ICS-'BPH' study: uroflowmetry, lower urinary tract symptoms and bladder outlet obstruction. Br J Urol. 1998 Nov;82(5):619-23. Abstract

32. Zhu Y, Zhao YR, Zhong P, et al. Detrusor underactivity influences the efficacy of TURP in patients with BPO. Int Urol Nephrol. 2021 May;53(5):835-41. Abstract

33. Expert Panel on Urological Imaging; Alexander LF, Oto A, Allen BC, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® lower urinary tract symptoms - suspicion of benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Am Coll Radiol. 2019 Nov;16(11s):S378-83.Full text  Abstract

34. American Urological Association. Implementation of shared decision making into urological practice. 2022 [internet publication].Full text

35. Fusco F, Palmieri A, Ficarra V, et al. Alpha1-blockers improve benign prostatic obstruction in men with lower urinary tract symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of urodynamic studies. Eur Urol. 2016 Jun;69(6):1091-101. Abstract

36. Yuan JQ, Mao C, Wong SY, et al. Comparative effectiveness and safety of monodrug therapies for lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a network meta-analysis. Medicine. 2015 Jul;94(27):e974.Full text  Abstract

37. Jung JH, Kim J, MacDonald R, et al. Silodosin for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Nov 22;(11):CD012615.Full text  Abstract

38. Welk B, McArthur E, Fraser LA, et al. The risk of fall and fracture with the initiation of a prostate-selective alpha antagonist: a population based cohort study. BMJ. 2015 Oct 26;351:h5398.Full text  Abstract

39. Lusty A, Siemens DR, Tohidi M, et al. Cardiac failure associated with medical therapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a population based study J Urol. 2021 May;205(5):1430-7.Full text  Abstract

40. McConnell JD, Bruskewitz R, Walsh P, et al. The effect of finasteride on the risk of acute urinary retention and the need for surgical treatment among men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. N Engl J Med. 1998 Feb 26;338(9):557-63. Abstract

41. Marberger MJ; The PROWESS Study Group. Long-term effects of finasteride in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. Urology. 1998 May;51(5):677-86. Abstract

42. Kaplan SA, Lee JY, Meehan AG, et al. Long-term treatment with finasteride improves clinical progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged versus a smaller prostate: data from the MTOPS trial. J Urol. 2011 Apr;185(4):1369-73. Abstract

43. Sarkar RR, Parsons JK, Bryant AK, et al. Association of treatment with 5α-reductase inhibitors with time to diagnosis and mortality in prostate cancer. JAMA Intern Med. 2019 Jun 1;179(6):812-9.Full text  Abstract

44. Safety update: psychiatric and sexual adverse effects with finasteride. Drug Ther Bull. 2024 Jul 1;62(7):101. Abstract

45. Pattanaik S, Mavuduru RS, Panda A, et al. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Nov 16;(11):CD010060.Full text  Abstract

46. Gacci M, Andersson KE, Chapple C, et al. Latest evidence on the use of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Eur Urol. 2016 Jul;70(1):124-33. Abstract

47. Zhang J, Li X, Yang B, et al. Alpha-blockers with or without phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor for treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Urol. 2019 Jan;37(1):143-53. Abstract

48. Donatucci CF, Brock GB, Goldfischer ER, et al. Tadalafil administered once daily for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia: a 1-year, open-label extension study. BJU Int. 2011 Apr;107(7):1110-6. Abstract

49. Gacci M, Novara G, De Nunzio C, et al. Tolterodine extended release in the treatment of male OAB/storage LUTS: a systematic review. BMC Urol. 2014 Oct 27;(14):84.Full text  Abstract

50. Gacci M, Sebastianelli A, Spatafora P, et al. Best practice in the management of storage symptoms in male lower urinary tract symptoms: a review of the evidence base. Ther Adv Urol. 2017 Dec 7;10(2):79-92.Full text  Abstract

51. Stoniute A, Madhuvrata P, Still M, et al. Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 May 9;5(5):CD003781.Full text  Abstract

52. Coupland CAC, Hill T, Dening T, et al. Anticholinergic drug exposure and the risk of dementia: a nested case-control study. JAMA Intern Med. 2019 Aug 1;179(8):1084-93.Full text  Abstract

53. McConnell JD, Roehrborn CG, Bautista O, et al. The long-term effect of doxazosin, finasteride, and combination therapy on the clinical progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia. N Engl J Med. 2003 Dec 18;349(25):2387-98. Abstract

54. Roehrborn CG, Siami P, Barkin J, et al. The effects of combination therapy with dutasteride and tamsulosin on clinical outcomes in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: 4-year results from the CombAT study. Eur Urol. 2010 Jan;57(1):123-31. [Erratum in: Eur Urol. 2010 Nov;58(5):801.] Abstract

55. Tacklind J, Fink HA, Macdonald R, et al. Finasteride for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Oct 6;(10):CD006015.Full text  Abstract

56. Haillot O, Fraga A, Maciukiewicz P, et al. The effects of combination therapy with dutasteride plus tamsulosin on clinical outcomes in men with symptomatic BPH: 4-year post hoc analysis of European men in the CombAT study. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2011 Dec;14(4):302-6. Abstract

57. Favilla V, Russo GI, Privitera S, et al. Impact of combination therapy 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARI) plus alpha-blockers (AB) on erectile dysfunction and decrease of libido in patients with LUTS/BPH: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Aging Male. 2016 Sep;19(3):175-81. Abstract

58. Kim HJ, Sun HY, Choi H, et al. Efficacy and safety of initial combination treatment of an alpha blocker with an anticholinergic medication in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients with lower urinary tract symptoms: updated meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017 Jan 10;12(1):e0169248.Full text  Abstract

59. Pang R, Zhou XY, Wang X, et al. Anticholinergics combined with alpha-blockers for treating lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic obstruction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Feb 10;(2):CD012336.Full text  Abstract

60. Ichihara K, Masumori N, Fukuta F, et al. A randomized controlled study of the efficacy of tamsulosin monotherapy and its combination with mirabegron for overactive bladder induced by benign prostatic obstruction. J Urol. 2015 Mar;193(3):921-6. Abstract

61. Liu J, Zhou W, Zhang P, et al. Comparison of monotherapies and combination therapy of tamsulosin and tadalafil for treating lower urinary tract symptoms caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia with or without erectile dysfunction: A Meta-Analysis. Urol Int. 2024;108(2):89-99. Abstract

62. Gacci M, Corona G, Salvi M, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the use of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors alone or in combination with α-blockers for lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Eur Urol. 2012 May;61(5):994-1003. Abstract

63. Casabé A, Roehrborn CG, Da Pozzo LF, et al. Efficacy and safety of the coadministration of tadalafil once daily with finasteride for 6 months in men with lower urinary tract symptoms and prostatic enlargement secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol. 2014 Mar;191(3):727-33. Abstract

64. Glina S, Roehrborn CG, Esen A, et al. Sexual function in men with lower urinary tract symptoms and prostatic enlargement secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia: results of a 6-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of tadalafil coadministered with finasteride. J Sex Med. 2015 Jan;12(1):129-38. Abstract

65. da Silva RD, Bidikov L, Michaels W, et al. Bipolar energy in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a current systematic review of the literature. Can J Urol. 2015 Oct;22(suppl 1):30-44.Full text  Abstract

66. Alexander CE, Scullion MM, Omar MI, et al. Bipolar versus monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Dec 3;12(12):CD009629.Full text  Abstract

67. Hahn RG. The transurethral resection syndrome. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1991 Oct;35(7):557-67. Abstract

68. Nuhoğlu B, Balci MB, Aydin M, et al. The role of bipolar transurethral vaporization in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urol Int. 2011;87(4):400-4. Abstract

69. Fowler C, McAllister W, Plail R, et al. Randomised evaluation of alternative electrosurgical modalities to treat bladder outflow obstruction in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Health Technol Assess. 2005 Feb;9(4):iii-iv;1-30.Full text  Abstract

70. Li M, Qiu J, Hou Q, et al. Endoscopic enucleation versus open prostatectomy for treating large benign prostatic hyperplasia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 31;10(3):e0121265.Full text  Abstract

71. Li S, Zeng XT, Ruan XL, et al. Holmium laser enucleation versus transurethral resection in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia: an updated systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. PLoS One. 2014 Jul 8;9(7):e101615.Full text  Abstract

72. Thomas JA, Tubaro A, Barber N, et al. A multicenter randomized noninferiority trial comparing GreenLight-XPS laser vaporization of the prostate and transurethral resection of the prostate for the treatment of benign prostatic obstruction: two-yr outcomes of the GOLIATH study. Eur Urol. 2016 Jan;69(1):94-102. Abstract

73. Elhilali MM, Elkoushy MA. Greenlight laser vaporization versus transurethral resection of the prostate for the treatment of benign prostatic obstruction: evidence from randomized controlled studies. Transl Androl Urol. 2016 Jun;5(3):388-92.Full text  Abstract

74. Hueber PA, Ben-Zvi T, Liberman D, et al. Mid term outcomes of initial 250 case experience with GreenLight 120W-HPS photoselective vaporization prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia: comparison of prostate volumes < 60 cc, 60 cc-100 cc and > 100 cc. Can J Urol. 2012 Oct;19(5):6450-8. Abstract

75. McVary KT, Gange SN, Shore ND, et al. Treatment of LUTS secondary to BPH while preserving sexual function: randomized controlled study of prostatic urethral lift. J Sex Med. 2014 Jan;11(1):279-87. Abstract

76. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Transurethral water vapour ablation for lower urinary tract symptoms caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia. Aug 2018 [internet publication].​Full text

77. Kang TW, Jung JH, Hwang EC, et al. Convective radiofrequency water vapour thermal therapy for lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Mar 25;3(3):CD013251.Full text  Abstract

78. McVary KT, Gange SN, Gittelman MC, et al. Erectile and ejaculatory function preserved with convective water vapor energy treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia: randomized controlled study. J Sex Med. 2016 Jun;13(6):924-33. Abstract

79. Cornu JN, Zantek P, Burtt G, et al. Minimally invasive treatments for benign prostatic obstruction: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Eur Urol. 2023 Jun;83(6):534-47.Full text  Abstract

80. Franco JVA, Jung JH, Imamura M, et al. Minimally invasive treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia: a Cochrane network meta-analysis. BJU Int. 2022 Aug;130(2):142-56. Abstract

81. Reich O, Gratzke C, Stief CG. Techniques and long-term results of surgical procedures for BPH. Eur Urol. 2006 Jun;49(6):970-8;discussion 978.Full text  Abstract

82. Gilling PJ, Barber N, Bidair M, et al. Five-year outcomes for aquablation therapy compared to TURP: results from a double-blind, randomized trial in men with LUTS due to BPH. Can J Urol. 2022 Feb;29(1):10960-8.Full text  Abstract

83. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Prostate artery embolisation for lower urinary tract symptoms caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia. Apr 2018 [internet publication].Full text

84. Wang XY, Zong HT, Zhang Y. Efficacy and safety of prostate artery embolization on lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Interv Aging. 2016 Nov 11;11:1609-22. Abstract

85. Xiang P, Guan D, Du Z, et al. Efficacy and safety of prostatic artery embolization for benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur Radiol. 2021 Jul;31(7):4929-46. Abstract

86. Kuang M, Vu A, Athreya S. A systematic review of prostatic artery embolization in the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2017 May;40(5):655-63. Abstract

87. Pyo JS, Cho WJ. Systematic review and meta-analysis of prostatic artery embolisation for lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Clin Radiol. 2017 Jan;72(1):16-22. Abstract

88. Feng S, Tian Y, Liu W, et al. Prostatic arterial embolization treating moderate-to-severe lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostate hyperplasia: a meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2017 Jan;40(1):22-32. Abstract

89. Cizman Z, Isaacson A, Burke C. Short- to midterm safety and efficacy of prostatic artery embolization: a systematic review. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2016 Oct;27(10):1487-93;e1. Abstract

90. Jung JH, McCutcheon KA, Borofsky M, et al. Prostatic arterial embolization for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Mar 29;3(3):CD012867.Full text  Abstract

91. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Prostatic urethral temporary implant insertion for lower urinary tract symptoms caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia. Sep 2022 [internet publication].​Full text

92. Franco JV, Jung JH, Imamura M, et al. Minimally invasive treatments for lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Jul 15;7(7):CD013656.Full text  Abstract

93. Floratos DL, Kiemeney LA, Rossi C, et al. Long-term followup of randomized transurethral microwave thermotherapy versus transurethral prostatic resection study. J Urol. 2001 May;165(5):1533-8. Abstract

94. Nørby B, Nielsen HV, Frimodt-Møller PC. Transurethral interstitial laser coagulation of the prostate and transurethral microwave thermotherapy vs transurethral resection or incision of the prostate: results of a randomized, controlled study in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. BJU Int. 2002 Dec;90(9):853-62. Abstract

95. Mattiasson A, Wagrell L, Schelin S, et al. Five-year follow-up of feedback microwave thermotherapy versus TURP for clinical BPH: a prospective randomized multicenter study. Urology. 2007 Jan;69(1):91-6;discussion 96-7. Abstract

96. Cornu JN, Ahyai S, Bachmann A, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of functional outcomes and complications following transurethral procedures for lower urinary tract symptoms resulting from benign prostatic obstruction: an update. Eur Urol. 2015 Jun;67(6):1066-96. Abstract

97. Zang YC, Deng XX, Yang DR, et al. Photoselective vaporization of the prostate with GreenLight 120-W laser versus transurethral resection of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Lasers Med Sci. 2016 Feb;31(2):235-40. Abstract

98. Kang DH, Cho KS, Ham WS, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of functional outcomes and complications following the photoselective vaporization of the prostate and monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate. World J Mens Health. 2016 Aug;34(2):110-22.Full text  Abstract

99. Jiang H, Zhou Y. Safety and efficacy of thulium laser prostatectomy versus transurethral resection of prostate for treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia: a meta-analysis. Low Urin Tract Symptoms. 2016 Sep;8(3):165-70. Abstract

100. Skinner TA, Leslie RJ, Steele SS, et al. Randomized, controlled trial of laser vs. bipolar plasma vaporization treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Can Urol Assoc J. 2017 Jun;11(6):194-8.Full text  Abstract

101. Franco JVA, Garegnani L, Escobar Liquitay CM, et al. Transurethral microwave thermotherapy for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Jun 28;6(6):CD004135.Full text  Abstract

102. Roehrborn CG, Gange SN, Shore ND, et al. The prostatic urethral lift for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms associated with prostate enlargement due to benign prostatic hyperplasia: the L.I.F.T. Study. J Urol. 2013 Dec;190(6):2161-7. Abstract

103. Shore N, Tutrone R, Efros M, et al. Fexapotide triflutate: results of long-term safety and efficacy trials of a novel injectable therapy for symptomatic prostate enlargement. World J Urol. 2018 May;36(5):801-9.Full text  Abstract

104. Shore N, Tutrone R, Roehrborn CG. Efficacy and safety of fexapotide triflutate in outpatient medical treatment of male lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Ther Adv Urol. 2019 Jan-Dec;11:1756287218820807.Full text  Abstract

105. Gjertson CK, Walmsley K, Kaplan SA. Benign prostatic hyperplasia: now we can begin to tailor treatment. Cleve Clin J Med. 2004 Nov;71(11):857;860;863-5. Abstract

106. Yokoyama T, Kumon H, Nasu Y, et al. Comparison of 25 and 75 mg/day naftopidil for lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a prospective, randomized controlled study. Int J Urol. 2006 Jul;13(7):932-8. Abstract

107. Gotoh M, Kamihira O, Kinukawa T, et al. Comparison of tamsulosin and naftopidil for efficacy and safety in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized controlled trial. BJU Int. 2005 Sep;96(4):581-6. Abstract

108. Peyronnet B, Brucker BM, Michel MC. Lower urinary tract symptoms: what's new in medical treatment? Eur Urol Focus. 2018 Jan;4(1):17-24. Abstract

109. Taha DE, Aboumarzouk OM, Shokeir AA. Oral desmopressin in nocturia with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review of the literature. Arab J Urol. 2018 Dec;16(4):404-10.Full text  Abstract

110. Miner M, Rosenbert MT, Perelman MA. Treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in benign prostatic hyperplasia and its impact on sexual function. Clin Ther. 2006 Jan;28(1):13-25. Abstract

111. Kuritzky L. Noninvasive management of lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia in the primary care setting. Com Ther. 2005 Fall;31(3):194-208. Abstract

112. Dijk V, Marleen M, Rosette DL, et al. Effects of alpha (1)-adrenoceptor antagonists on male sexual function. Drugs. 2006;66(3):287-301. Abstract

113. Giuliano F. Impact of medical treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia on sexual function. BJU Int. 2006 Apr;97(suppl 2):34-8;discussion 44-5. Abstract

114. Yanardag H, Goktas S, Kibar Y, et al. Intermittent tamsulosin therapy in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. J Urol. 2005 Jan;173(1):155-7. Abstract

115. Kobayashi M, Tokue A, Morita T. Discontinuation of tamsulosin treatment in men with lower urinary tract symptoms: a pilot study. Urol Inter. 2006;76(4):304-8. Abstract

116. Chung BH, Lee SH, Roehrborn CG, et al. Comparison of the response to treatment between Asian and Caucasian men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: long-term results from the combination of dutasteride and tamsulosin study. Int J Urol. 2012 Nov;19(11):1031-5. Abstract

117. Royal College of Nursing. Catheter care: guidance for health care professionals. Jul 2021 [internet publication].Full text

118. Barkin J, Roehrborn CG, Siami P, et al. Effect of dutasteride, tamsulosin and the combination on patient-reported quality of life and treatment satisfaction in men with moderate-to-severe benign prostatic hyperplasia: 2-year data from the CombAT trial. BJU Int. 2009 Apr;103(7):919-26. Abstract

119. Kaplan SA, Roehrborn CG, Gong J, et al. Add-on fesoterodine for residual storage symptoms suggestive of overactive bladder in men receiving alpha-blocker treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms. BJU Int. 2012 Jun;109(12):1831-40. Abstract