Hemorrhoids

Wald A, Bharucha AE, Limketkai B, et al. ACG clinical guidelines: management of benign anorectal disorders. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021 Oct 1;116(10):1987-2008.Full text  Abstract

Hawkins AT, Davis BR, Bhama AR, et al. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons clinical practice guidelines for the management of hemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum. 2024 May 1;67(5):614-23.Full text

van Tol RR, Kleijnen J, Watson AJM, et al. European Society of Coloproctology: guideline for haemorrhoidal disease. Colorectal Dis. 2020 Jun;22(6):650-62. Abstract

Shanmugam V, Thaha MA, Rabindranath KS, et al. Rubber band ligation versus excisional haemorrhoidectomy for haemorrhoids. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Jul 20;(3):CD005034.Full text  Abstract

1. Wald A, Bharucha AE, Limketkai B, et al. ACG clinical guidelines: management of benign anorectal disorders. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021 Oct 1;116(10):1987-2008.Full text  Abstract

2. Gallo G, Martellucci J, Sturiale A, et al. Consensus statement of the Italian society of colorectal surgery (SICCR): management and treatment of hemorrhoidal disease. Tech Coloproctol. 2020 Feb;24(2):145-64.Full text  Abstract

3. Lohsiriwat V. Hemorrhoids: from basic pathophysiology to clinical management. World J Gastroenterol. 2012 May 7;18(17):2009-17.Full text  Abstract

4. Peery AF, Crockett SD, Barritt AS, et al. Burden of gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreatic diseases in the United States. Gastroenterology. 2015 Dec;149(7):1731-41.e3.Full text  Abstract

5. Johanson JF, Sonnenberg A. The prevalence of hemorrhoids and chronic constipation. An epidemiologic study. Gastroenterology. 1990 Feb;98(2):380-6. Abstract

6. Hong YS, Jung KU, Rampal S, et al. Risk factors for hemorrhoidal disease among healthy young and middle-aged Korean adults. Sci Rep. 2022 Jan 7;12(1):129.Full text  Abstract

7. Riss S, Weiser FA, Schwameis K, et al. The prevalence of hemorrhoids in adults. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2012 Feb;27(2):215-20. Abstract

8. Thomson WH. The nature of haemorrhoids. Br J Surg. 1975 Jul;62(7):542-52. Abstract

9. Haas PA, Fox TA Jr, Haas GP. The pathogenesis of hemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum. 1984 Jul;27(7):442-50. Abstract

10. Saleeby RG Jr, Rosen L, Stasik JJ, et al. Hemorrhoidectomy during pregnancy: risk or relief? Dis Colon Rectum. 1991 Mar;34(3):260-1. Abstract

11. Hosking SW, Smart HL, Johnson AG, et al. Anorectal varices, haemorrhoids, and portal hypertension. Lancet. 1989 Feb 18;1(8634):349-52. Abstract

12. Moesgaard F, Nielsen ML, Hansen JB, et al. High fiber diet reducing bleeding and pain in patients with hemorrhoids: a double-blind trial of Vi-Siblin. Dis Colon Rectum. 1982 Jul-Aug;25(5):454-6. Abstract

13. Hawkins AT, Davis BR, Bhama AR, et al. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons clinical practice guidelines for the management of hemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum. 2024 May 1;67(5):614-23.Full text

14. van Tol RR, Kleijnen J, Watson AJM, et al. European Society of Coloproctology: guideline for haemorrhoidal disease. Colorectal Dis. 2020 Jun;22(6):650-62. Abstract

15. ASGE Technology Committee; Appalaneni V, Fanelli RD, Sharaf RN, et al. The role of endoscopy in patients with anorectal disorders. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010 Dec;72(6):1117-23.Full text  Abstract

16. Wrobleski DE, Corman ML, Veidenheimer MC, et al. Long-term evaluation of rubber ring ligation in hemorrhoidal disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 1980 Oct;23(7):478-82. Abstract

17. Giordano P, Overton J, Madeddu F, et al. Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization: a systematic review. Dis Colon Rectum. 2009 Sep;52(9):1665-71. Abstract

18. Wallis de Vries BM, van der Beek ES, de Wijkerslooth LR, et al. Treatment of grade 2 and 3 hemorrhoids with Doppler-guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation. Dig Surg. 2007;24(6):436-40.Full text  Abstract

19. Brown S, Tiernan J, Biggs, et al. The HubBLe Trial: haemorrhoidal artery ligation (HAL) versus rubber band ligation (RBL) for symptomatic second- and third-degree haemorrhoids: a multicentre randomised controlled trial and health-economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2016 Nov;20(88):1-150.Full text  Abstract

20. Peng BC, Jayne DG, Ho YH. Randomized trial of rubber band ligation vs. stapled hemorrhoidectomy for prolapsed piles. Dis Colon Rectum. 2003 Mar;46(3):291-7. Abstract

21. Acheson AG, Scholefield JH. Management of haemorrhoids. BMJ. 2008 Feb 16;336(7640):380-3. Abstract

22. Jayaraman S, Colquhoun PH, Malthaner RA. Stapled versus conventional surgery for hemorrhoids. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Oct 18;(4):CD005393.Full text  Abstract

23. Simillis C, Thoukididou SN, Slesser AA, et al. Systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing clinical outcomes and effectiveness of surgical treatments for haemorrhoids. Br J Surg. 2015 Dec;102(13):1603-18. Abstract

24. Du T, Quan S, Dong T, et al. Comparison of surgical procedures implemented in recent years for patients with grade III and IV hemorrhoids: a network meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2019 Jun;34(6):1001-12.Full text  Abstract

25. Watson AJ, Hudson J, Wood J, et al. Comparison of stapled haemorrhoidopexy with traditional excisional surgery for haemorrhoidal disease (eTHoS): a pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2016 Nov 12;388(10058):2375-85. Abstract

26. Watson AJ, Cook J, Hudson J, et al. A pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial comparing stapled haemorrhoidopexy with traditional excisional surgery for haemorrhoidal disease: the eTHoS study. Health Technol Assess. 2017 Nov;21(70):1-224.Full text  Abstract

27. Xu L, Chen H, Gu Y. Stapled hemorrhoidectomy versus transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization in the treatment of hemorrhoids: an updated meta-analysis. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2019 Apr;29(2):75-81.Full text  Abstract

28. Emile SH, Elfeki H, Sakr A, et al. Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization (THD) versus stapled hemorrhoidopexy (SH) in treatment of internal hemorrhoids: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2019 Jan;34(1):1-11.Full text  Abstract

29. Greenspon J, Williams SB, Young HA, et al. Thrombosed external hemorrhoids: outcome after conservative or surgical management. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004 Sep;47(9):1493-8. Abstract

30. Staroselsky A, Nava-Ocampo AA, Vohra S, et al. Hemorrhoids in pregnancy. Can Fam Physician. 2008 Feb;54(2):189-90.Full text  Abstract

31. De Schepper H, Coremans G, Denis MA, et al. Belgian consensus guideline on the management of hemorrhoidal disease. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2021 Jan-Mar;84(1):101-20.Full text  Abstract

32. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Electrotherapy for the treatment of haemorrhoids Interventional procedures guidance. Jun 2015 [internet publication].Full text

33. Perera N, Liolitsa D, Iype S, et al. Phlebotonics for haemorrhoids. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Aug 15;(8):CD004322. Abstract

34. Eddama MMR, Everson M, Renshaw S, et al. Radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of haemorrhoidal disease: a minimally invasive and effective treatment modality. Tech Coloproctol. 2019 Aug;23(8):769-74.Full text  Abstract

35. Australian Department of Health. Pregnancy Care Guidelines. Part I: common conditions during pregnancy. 2024 [internet publication].Full text

36. Shanmugam V, Thaha MA, Rabindranath KS, et al. Rubber band ligation versus excisional haemorrhoidectomy for haemorrhoids. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Jul 20;(3):CD005034.Full text  Abstract

37. Kluiber RM, Wolff BG. Evaluation of anemia caused by hemorrhoidal bleeding. Dis Colon Rectum. 1994 Oct;37(10):1006-7. Abstract

38. Jin JZ, Bhat S, Lee KT, et al. Interventional treatments for prolapsing haemorrhoids: network meta-analysis. BJS Open. 2021 Sep 6;5(5):zrab091.Full text  Abstract

39. Lyons NJR, Cornille JB, Pathak S, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of metronidazole in post-haemorrhoidectomy pain relief. Colorectal Dis. 2017 Sep;19(9):803-11. Abstract