Summary
Definição
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- presence of risk factors
- headache
- scalp pain or tenderness
- aching and stiffness
- extremity (limb) claudication
- loss of vision
- jaw and tongue claudication
- arterial tenderness, thickening, or nodularity
- absent pulse
- abnormal fundoscopy
Outros fatores diagnósticos
- systemic symptoms
- neurological symptoms
- bruit on auscultation
- asymmetric blood pressure
- shoulder tenderness
- limited active range of movement of shoulders and hips
- dental pain, tongue pain, or infarction of the tongue
Fatores de risco
- age ≥50 years
- female sex
- genetic factors
- smoking
- atherosclerosis
- environmental factors
Investigações diagnósticas
Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas
- CRP
- ESR
- FBC
- vascular ultrasonography
- temporal artery biopsy
- liver function tests
- renal function tests
Investigações a serem consideradas
- fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET scan of head to mid-thigh
- high-resolution MRI of cranial arteries
Algoritmo de tratamento
suspected GCA
confirmed GCA
Colaboradores
Consultores especialistas
Chetan Mukhtyar, MBBS, MSc, MD, FRCP
Consultant Rheumatologist and Service Director for Rheumatology
Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital
Norwich
UK
Biografia
CM is a co-author on the British Society of Rheumatology guidelines on the management of giant cell arteritis and the EULAR recommendations for the management of large vessel vasculitis.
Declarações
CM is a trustee of the British Society for Rheumatology. CM is an author of references cited in this topic.
Agradecimentos
BMJ Best Practice would like to gratefully acknowledge the previous expert contributors, whose work has been retained in parts of the content:
Kenneth J. Warrington, MD
Professor of Medicine
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Rochester
MN
Declarações
KJW’s employer receives payments from Eli Lilly and GlaxoSmithKline for his role as investigator in giant cell arteritis clinical trials. KJW has conducted consulting work for Sanofi. KJW is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Revisores
Gary Reynolds, BSc, MRCP, PhD
Wellcome Trust Clinical Career Development Fellow
Translational and Clinical Research Institute
Newcastle University
Honorary Consultant Rheumatologist
Freeman Hospital
Newcastle
UK
Biografia
GR is a co-author on the British Society of Rheumatology guidelines on the management of giant cell arteritis.
Declarações
GR declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
Referências
Principais artigos
Ponte C, Grayson PC, Robson JC, et al. 2022 American College of Rheumatology/EULAR classification criteria for giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2022 Dec;74(12):1881-9. Resumo
Hellmich B, Agueda A, Monti S, et al. 2018 Update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of large vessel vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Jan;79(1):19-30.Texto completo Resumo
Mackie SL, Dejaco C, Appenzeller S, et al. British Society for Rheumatology guideline on diagnosis and treatment of giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2020 Mar 1;59(3):e1-e23.Texto completo Resumo
Coath FL, Bukhari M, Ducker G, et al. Quality standards for the care of people with giant cell arteritis in secondary care. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2023 Sep 1;62(9):3075-83. Resumo
Dejaco C, Ramiro S, Bond M, et al. EULAR recommendations for the use of imaging in large vessel vasculitis in clinical practice: 2023 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2024 May 15;83(6):741-51.Texto completo Resumo
Artigos de referência
Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
Diagnósticos diferenciais
- Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR)
- Solid organ cancers and haematological malignancies
- Takayasu's arteritis
Mais Diagnósticos diferenciaisDiretrizes
- British Society for Rheumatology guideline on diagnosis and treatment of giant cell arteritis
- 2018 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of large vessel vasculitis
Mais DiretrizesFolhetos informativos para os pacientes
Giant cell arteritis
Mais Folhetos informativos para os pacientesConectar-se ou assinar para acessar todo o BMJ Best Practice
O uso deste conteúdo está sujeito ao nosso aviso legal