Evaluation of hypercalcemia

Last reviewed: 13 Sep 2025
Last updated: 07 Jun 2022

Summary

Diferenciales

Común

  • Primary hyperparathyroidism
  • Malignancy
  • Multiple myeloma
Todos los datos

Infrecuente

  • Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
  • Vitamin D intoxication
  • Lithium
  • Thiazide diuretics
  • Chronic renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Hypervitaminosis A
  • Milk-alkali syndrome
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Prolonged immobilization
  • Paget disease
Todos los datos

Colaboradores

Autores

Rajeev Parameswaran, MD

Consultant Endocrine and General Surgeon

National University Cancer Institute, Singapore

Singapore

Divulgaciones

RP declares that he has no competing interests.

Hrishikesh Salgaonkar, MD

Fellow

Endocrine and Minimally invasive Surgery

National University Hospital

Singapore

Divulgaciones

HS declares that he has no competing interests.

Agradecimientos

Dr Rajeev Parameswaran and Dr Hirshikesh Salgaonkar would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Ronald Merrell, the previous contributor to this topic.

Divulgaciones

RM declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Udaya Kabadi, MD, FRCP(C), FACP, FACE

Director

Endocrinology

Department of Internal Medicine

VA Medical Center

University of Iowa

Iowa City

IA

Раскрытие информации

UK declares that he has no competing interests.

Wail Malaty, MD

Clinical Professor

Department of Family Medicine

University of North Carolina

Chapel Hill

Assistant Program Director

MAHEC Rural Family Medicine Residency

Hendersonville

NC

Раскрытие информации

WM declares that he has no competing interests.

Richard Quinton, MD

Consultant and Senior Lecturer

Endocrine Unit

Newcastle University and Royal Victoria Infirmary

Newcastle-upon-Tyne

UK

Раскрытие информации

RQ has been reimbursed by Amgen, the manufacturer of Cinacalcet, for attending a conference and for giving an educational seminar (total under £1,200 over past 3 years).

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Список литературы

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