Eosinophilic esophagitis

References

Key articles

Liacouras CA, Furuta GT, Hirano I, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis: updated consensus recommendations for children and adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Jul;128(1):3-20.Full text  Abstract

Furuta GT, Liacouras CA, Collins MH, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adults: a systematic review and consensus recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. Gastroenterology. 2007 Oct;133(4):1342-63.Full text  Abstract

Dhar A, Haboubi HN, Attwood SE, et al. British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and British Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (BSPGHAN) joint consensus guidelines on the diagnosis and management of eosinophilic oesophagitis in children and adults. Gut. 2022 Aug;71(8):1459-87.Full text  Abstract

Wolf WA, Jerath MR, Sperry SL, et al. Dietary elimination therapy is an effective option for adults with eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Aug;12(8):1272-9.Full text  Abstract

Lucendo AJ, Molina-Infante J, Arias Á, et al. Guidelines on eosinophilic esophagitis: evidence-based statements and recommendations for diagnosis and management in children and adults. United European Gastroenterol J. 2017 Apr;5(3):335-58.Full text  Abstract

Hirano I, Chan ES, Rank MA, et al. AGA institute and the joint task force on allergy-immunology practice parameters clinical guidelines for the management of eosinophilic esophagitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2020 May;124(5):416-23.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

1. Liacouras CA, Furuta GT, Hirano I, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis: updated consensus recommendations for children and adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Jul;128(1):3-20.Full text  Abstract

2. Furuta GT, Liacouras CA, Collins MH, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adults: a systematic review and consensus recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. Gastroenterology. 2007 Oct;133(4):1342-63.Full text  Abstract

3. Dellon ES, Gonsalves N, Hirano I, et al. ACG clinical guideline: evidenced based approach to the diagnosis and management of esophageal eosinophilia and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 May;108(5):679-92. Abstract

4. Dhar A, Haboubi HN, Attwood SE, et al. British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and British Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (BSPGHAN) joint consensus guidelines on the diagnosis and management of eosinophilic oesophagitis in children and adults. Gut. 2022 Aug;71(8):1459-87.Full text  Abstract

5. Lipka S, Kumar A, Richter JE. Impact of diagnostic delay and other risk factors on eosinophilic esophagitis phenotype and esophageal diameter. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2016 Feb;50(2):134-40. Abstract

6. Schoepfer AM, Safroneeva E, Bussmann C, et al. Delay in diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis increases risk for stricture formation in a time-dependent manner. Gastroenterology. 2013 Dec;145(6):1230-6.Full text  Abstract

7. Dellon ES, Kim HP, Sperry SL, et al. A phenotypic analysis shows that eosinophilic esophagitis is a progressive fibrostenotic disease. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014 Apr;79(4):577-85.Full text  Abstract

8. Wolf WA, Cotton CC, Green DJ, et al. Predictors of response to steroid therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis and treatment of steroid-refractory patients. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Mar;13(3):452-8.Full text  Abstract

9. Peterson K, Firszt R, Fang J, et al. Risk of autoimmunity in EoE and families: a population-based cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016 Jul;111(7):926-32. Abstract

10. Abonia JP, Wen T, Stucke EM, et al. High prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in patients with inherited connective tissue disorders. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013 Aug;132(2):378-86.Full text  Abstract

11. Dellon ES. Epidemiology of eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2014 Jun;43(2):201-18.Full text  Abstract

12. Dellon ES, Erichsen R, Baron JA, et al. The increasing incidence and prevalence of eosinophilic oesophagitis outpaces changes in endoscopic and biopsy practice: national population-based estimates from Denmark. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Apr;41(7):662-70.Full text  Abstract

13. Sperry SL, Crockett SD, Miller CB, et al. Esophageal foreign-body impactions: epidemiology, time trends, and the impact of the increasing prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011 Nov;74(5):985-91.Full text  Abstract

14. Kerlin P, Jones D, Remedios M, et al. Prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in adults with food bolus obstruction of the esophagus. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2007 Apr;41(4):356-61. Abstract

15. Desai TK, Stecevic V, Chang CH, et al. Association of eosinophilic inflammation with esophageal food impaction in adults. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005 Jun;61(7):795-801. Abstract

16. Navarro P, Arias Á, Arias-González L, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the growing incidence and prevalence of eosinophilic oesophagitis in children and adults in population-based studies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2019 May;49(9):1116-25. Abstract

17. Straumann A, Simon HU. Eosinophilic esophagitis: escalating epidemiology? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005 Feb;115(2):418-9.Full text  Abstract

18. Hruz P, Straumann A, Bussmann C, et al. Escalating incidence of eosinophilic esophagitis: a 20-year prospective, population-based study in Olten County, Switzerland. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Dec;128(6):1349-50.Full text  Abstract

19. Cherian S, Smith NM, Forbes DA. Rapidly increasing prevalence of eosinophilic oesophagitis in Western Australia. Arch Dis Child. 2006 Dec;91(12):1000-4.Full text  Abstract

20. Arias Á, Lucendo AJ. Prevalence of eosinophilic oesophagitis in adult patients in a central region of Spain. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Feb;25(2):208-12. Abstract

21. Shi YN, Sun SJ, Xiong LS, et al. Prevalence, clinical manifestations and endoscopic features of eosinophilic esophagitis: a pathological review in China. J Dig Dis. 2012 Jun;13(6):304-9.Full text  Abstract

22. Kinoshita Y, Furuta K, Ishimaura N, et al. Clinical characteristics of Japanese patients with eosinophilic esophagitis and eosinophilic gastroenteritis. J Gastroenterol. 2013 Mar;48(3):333-9. Abstract

23. Veerappan GR, Perry JL, Duncan TJ, et al. Prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in an adult population undergoing upper endoscopy: a prospective study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Apr;7(4):420-6.Full text  Abstract

24. Prasad GA, Alexander JA, Arora AS, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis: prevalence and predictive factors (Ab 56). Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101(suppl):S60-1.

25. Dellon ES, Speck O, Woodward K, et al. Clinical and endoscopic characteristics do not reliably differentiate PPI-responsive esophageal eosinophilia and eosinophilic esophagitis in patients undergoing upper endoscopy: a prospective cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 Dec;108(12):1854-60.Full text  Abstract

26. Dellon ES, Jensen ET, Martin CF, et al. Prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in the United States. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Apr;12(4):589-96.Full text  Abstract

27. Lynch KL, Dhalla S, Chedid V, et al. Gender is a determinative factor in the initial clinical presentation of eosinophilic esophagitis. Dis Esophagus. 2016 Feb-Mar;29(2):174-8. Abstract

28. Dellon ES, Liacouras CA. Advances in clinical management of eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology. 2014 Dec;147(6):1238-54.Full text  Abstract

29. Sperry SL, Woosley JT, Shaheen NJ, et al. Influence of race and gender on the presentation of eosinophilic esophagitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012 Feb;107(2):215-21.Full text  Abstract

30. Moawad FJ, Dellon ES, Achem SR, et al. Effects of race and sex on features of eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Jan;14(1):23-30. Abstract

31. Spergel JM, Brown-Whitehorn TF, Beausoleil JL, et al. 14 years of eosinophilic esophagitis: clinical features and prognosis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009 Jan;48(1):30-6. Abstract

32. Simon D, Marti H, Heer P, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis is frequently associated with IgE-mediated allergic airway diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005 May;115(5):1090-2.Full text  Abstract

33. Roy-Ghanta S, Larosa DF, Katzka DA. Atopic characteristics of adult patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 May;6(5):531-5.Full text  Abstract

34. Penfield JD, Lang DM, Goldblum JR, et al. The role of allergy evaluation in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2010 Jan;44(1):22-7. Abstract

35. Dellon ES, Gibbs WB, Fritchie KJ, et al. Clinical, endoscopic, and histologic findings distinguish eosinophilic esophagitis from gastroesophageal reflux disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Dec;7(12):1305-13.Full text  Abstract

36. Assa'ad AH, Putnam PE, Collins MH, et al. Pediatric patients with eosinophilic esophagitis: an 8-year follow-up. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007 Mar;119(3):731-8.Full text  Abstract

37. Kelly KJ, Lazenby AJ, Rowe PC, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis attributed to gastroesophageal reflux: improvement with an amino acid-based formula. Gastroenterology. 1995 Nov;109(5):1503-12. Abstract

38. Peterson KA, Byrne KR, Vinson LA, et al. Elemental diet induces histologic response in adult eosinophilic esophagitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 May;108(5):759-66. Abstract

39. Markowitz JE, Spergel JM, Ruchelli E, et al. Elemental diet is an effective treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adolescents. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003 Apr;98(4):777-82. Abstract

40. Ram G, Lee J, Ott M, et al. Seasonal exacerbation of esophageal eosinophilia in children with eosinophilic esophagitis and allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015 Sep;115(3):224-8. Abstract

41. Moawad FJ, Veerappan GR, Lake JM, et al. Correlation between eosinophilic oesophagitis and aeroallergens. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Feb 15;31(4):509-15.Full text  Abstract

42. Fogg MI, Ruchelli E, Spergel JM. Pollen and eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003 Oct;112(4):796-7.Full text  Abstract

43. Mishra A, Hogan SP, Brandt EB, et al. IL-5 promotes eosinophil trafficking to the esophagus. J Immunol. 2002 Mar 1;168(5):2464-9.Full text  Abstract

44. Mishra A, Hogan SP, Brandt EB, et al. An etiological role for aeroallergens and eosinophils in experimental esophagitis. J Clin Invest. 2001 Jan;107(1):83-90.Full text  Abstract

45. Straumann A, Bauer M, Fischer B, et al. Idiopathic eosinophilic esophagitis is associated with a T(H)2-type allergic inflammatory response. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001 Dec;108(6):954-61.Full text  Abstract

46. Rothenberg ME. Molecular, genetic, and cellular bases for treating eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology. 2015 May;148(6):1143-57.Full text  Abstract

47. Lucendo AJ, Navarro M, Comas C, et al. Immunophenotypic characterization and quantification of the epithelial inflammatory infiltrate in eosinophilic esophagitis through stereology: an analysis of the cellular mechanisms of the disease and the immunologic capacity of the esophagus. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007 Apr;31(4):598-606. Abstract

48. Jensen ET, Kappelman MD, Kim HP, et al. Early life exposures as risk factors for pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013 Jul;57(1):67-71. Abstract

49. Harris JK, Fang R, Wagner BD, et al. Esophageal microbiome in eosinophilic esophagitis. PLoS One. 2015 May 28;10(5):e0128346.Full text  Abstract

50. Dellon ES, Peery AF, Shaheen NJ, et al. Inverse association of esophageal eosinophilia with Helicobacter pylori based on analysis of a US pathology database. Gastroenterology. 2011 Nov;141(5):1586-92.Full text  Abstract

51. Benitez AJ, Hoffmann C, Muir AB, et al. Inflammation-associated microbiota in pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis. Microbiome. 2015 Jun 1;3:23.Full text  Abstract

52. Jensen ET, Hoffman K, Shaheen NJ, et al. Esophageal eosinophilia is increased in rural areas with low population density: results from a national pathology database. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014 May;109(5):668-75.Full text  Abstract

53. Hurrell JM, Genta RM, Dellon ES. Prevalence of esophageal eosinophilia varies by climate zone in the United States. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012 May;107(5):698-706.Full text  Abstract

54. Wolf WA, Jerath MR, Sperry SL, et al. Dietary elimination therapy is an effective option for adults with eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Aug;12(8):1272-9.Full text  Abstract

55. Lucendo AJ, Arias Á, González-Cervera J, et al. Empiric 6-food elimination diet induced and maintained prolonged remission in patients with adult eosinophilic esophagitis: a prospective study on the food cause of the disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013 Mar;131(3):797-804.Full text  Abstract

56. Kagalwalla AF, Shah A, Li BU, et al. Identification of specific foods responsible for inflammation in children with eosinophilic esophagitis successfully treated with empiric elimination diet. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011 Aug;53(2):145-9. Abstract

57. Gonsalves N, Yang GY, Doerfler B, et al. Elimination diet effectively treats eosinophilic esophagitis in adults; food reintroduction identifies causative factors. Gastroenterology. 2012 Jun;142(7):1451-9.Full text  Abstract

58. Molina-Infante J, Gonzalez-Cordero PL, Arias A, et al. Update on dietary therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adults. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017 Feb;11(2):115-23. Abstract

59. Rothenberg ME. Biology and treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology. 2009 Oct;137(4):1238-49.Full text  Abstract

60. Blanchard C, Wang N, Stringer KF, et al. Eotaxin-3 and a uniquely conserved gene-expression profile in eosinophilic esophagitis. J Clin Invest. 2006 Feb;116(2):536-47.Full text  Abstract

61. Wen T, Stucke EM, Grotjan TM, et al. Molecular diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis by gene expression profiling. Gastroenterology. 2013 Dec;145(6):1289-99.Full text  Abstract

62. Sherrill JD, Kiran KC, Blanchard C, et al. Analysis and expansion of the eosinophilic esophagitis transcriptome by RNA sequencing. Genes Immun. 2014 Sep;15(6):361-9.Full text  Abstract

63. Blanchard C, Mingler MK, Vicario M, et al. IL-13 involvement in eosinophilic esophagitis: transcriptome analysis and reversibility with glucocorticoids. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007 Dec;120(6):1292-300.Full text  Abstract

64. van Rhijn BD, Weijenborg PW, Verheij J, et al. Proton pump inhibitors partially restore mucosal integrity in patients with proton pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia but not eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Nov;12(11):1815-23.Full text  Abstract

65. Sherrill JD, Kc K, Wu D, et al. Desmoglein-1 regulates esophageal epithelial barrier function and immune responses in eosinophilic esophagitis. Mucosal Immunol. 2014 May;7(3):718-29.Full text  Abstract

66. Katzka DA, Ravi K, Geno DM, et al. Endoscopic mucosal impedance measurements correlate with eosinophilia and dilation of intercellular spaces in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Jul;13(7):1242-8. Abstract

67. Dellon ES, Speck O, Woodward K, et al. Markers of eosinophilic inflammation for diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis and proton pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia: a prospective study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Dec;12(12):2015-22.Full text  Abstract

68. Abonia JP, Blanchard C, Butz BB, et al. Involvement of mast cells in eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010 Jul;126(1):140-9.Full text  Abstract

69. Rawson R, Anilkumar A, Newbury RO, et al. The TGFβ1 promoter SNP C-509T and food sensitization promote esophageal remodeling in pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis. PLoS One. 2015 Dec 14;10(12):e0144651.Full text  Abstract

70. Hirano I, Aceves SS. Clinical implications and pathogenesis of esophageal remodeling in eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2014 Jun;43(2):297-316.Full text  Abstract

71. Cheng E, Souza RF, Spechler SJ. Tissue remodeling in eosinophilic esophagitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2012 Dec 1;303(11):G1175-87.Full text  Abstract

72. Beppu LY, Anilkumar AA, Newbury RO, et al. TGF-β1-induced phospholamban expression alters esophageal smooth muscle cell contraction in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014 Nov;134(5):1100-7.Full text  Abstract

73. Aceves SS, Chen D, Newbury RO, et al. Mast cells infiltrate the esophageal smooth muscle in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis, express TGF-β1, and increase esophageal smooth muscle contraction. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010 Dec;126(6):1198-204.Full text  Abstract

74. Sleiman PM, Wang ML, Cianferoni A, et al. GWAS identifies four novel eosinophilic esophagitis loci. Nat Commun. 2014 Nov 19;5:5593.Full text  Abstract

75. Rothenberg ME, Spergel JM, Sherrill JD, et al. Common variants at 5q22 associate with pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis. Nat Genet. 2010 Apr;42(4):289-91.Full text  Abstract

76. Kottyan LC, Davis BP, Sherrill JD, et al. Genome-wide association analysis of eosinophilic esophagitis provides insight into the tissue specificity of this allergic disease. Nat Genet. 2014 Aug;46(8):895-900.Full text  Abstract

77. Alexander ES, Martin LJ, Collins MH, et al. Twin and family studies reveal strong environmental and weaker genetic cues explaining heritability of eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014 Nov;134(5):1084-92.Full text  Abstract

78. Sherrill JD, Gao PS, Stucke EM, et al. Variants of thymic stromal lymphopoietin and its receptor associate with eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010 Jul;126(1):160-5.Full text  Abstract

79. Davis BP, Stucke EM, Khorki ME, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis-linked calpain 14 is an IL-13-induced protease that mediates esophageal epithelial barrier impairment. JCI Insight. 2016 Apr;1(4):e86355.Full text  Abstract

80. Dellon ES, Liacouras CA, Molina-Infante J, et al. Updated international consensus diagnostic criteria for eosinophilic esophagitis: proceedings of the AGREE conference. Gastroenterology. 2018 Oct;155(4):1022-33.Full text  Abstract

81. Odiase E, Schwartz A, Souza RF, et al. New eosinophilic esophagitis concepts call for change in proton pump inhibitor management before diagnostic endoscopy. Gastroenterology. 2018 Apr;154(5):1217-21.Full text  Abstract

82. Dellon ES, Cotton CC, Gebhart JH, et al. Accuracy of the eosinophilic esophagitis endoscopic reference score in diagnosis and determining response to treatment. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Jan;14(1):31-9.Full text  Abstract

83. Lucendo AJ, Molina-Infante J, Arias Á, et al. Guidelines on eosinophilic esophagitis: evidence-based statements and recommendations for diagnosis and management in children and adults. United European Gastroenterol J. 2017 Apr;5(3):335-58.Full text  Abstract

84. Collins MH. Histopathologic features of eosinophilic esophagitis and eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2014 Jun;43(2):257-68. Abstract

85. Dellon ES, Speck O, Woodward K, et al. Distribution and variability of esophageal eosinophilia in patients undergoing upper endoscopy. Mod Pathol. 2015 Mar;28(3):383-90.Full text  Abstract

86. Gonsalves N, Policarpio-Nicolas M, Zhang Q, et al. Histopathologic variability and endoscopic correlates in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006 Sep;64(3):313-9. Abstract

87. Nielsen JA, Lager DJ, Lewin M, et al. The optimal number of biopsy fragments to establish a morphologic diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014 Apr;109(4):515-20. Abstract

88. Saffari H, Peterson KA, Fang JC, et al. Patchy eosinophil distributions in an esophagectomy specimen from a patient with eosinophilic esophagitis: Implications for endoscopic biopsy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012 Sep;130(3):798-800.Full text  Abstract

89. Collins MH, Martin LJ, Alexander ES, et al. Newly developed and validated eosinophilic esophagitis histology scoring system and evidence that it outperforms peak eosinophil count for disease diagnosis and monitoring. Dis Esophagus. 2017 Feb 1;30(3):1-8.Full text  Abstract

90. Philpott H, Nandurkar S, Royce SG, et al. Ultrathin unsedated transnasal gastroscopy in monitoring eosinophilic esophagitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Mar;31(3):590-4. Abstract

91. Friedlander JA, DeBoer EM, Soden JS, et al. Unsedated transnasal esophagoscopy for monitoring therapy in pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2016 Feb;83(2):299-306.Full text  Abstract

92. Furuta GT, Kagalwalla AF, Lee JJ, et al. The oesophageal string test: a novel, minimally invasive method measures mucosal inflammation in eosinophilic oesophagitis. Gut. 2013 Oct;62(10):1395-405.Full text  Abstract

93. Ackerman SJ, Kagalwalla AF, Hirano I, et al. One-hour esophageal string test: a nonendoscopic minimally invasive test that accurately detects disease activity in eosinophilic esophagitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019 Oct;114(10):1614-25.Full text  Abstract

94. Katzka DA, Geno DM, Ravi A, et al. Accuracy, safety, and tolerability of tissue collection by Cytosponge vs endoscopy for evaluation of eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Jan;13(1):77-83.Full text  Abstract

95. Katzka DA, Smyrk TC, Alexander JA, et al. Accuracy and safety of the cytosponge for assessing histologic activity in eosinophilic esophagitis: a two-center study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017 Oct;112(10):1538-44. Abstract

96. Ates F, Yuksel ES, Higginbotham T, et al. Mucosal impedance discriminates GERD from non-GERD conditions. Gastroenterology. 2015 Feb;148(2):334-43.Full text  Abstract

97. Dellon ES, Yellore V, Andreatta M, et al. A single biopsy is valid for genetic diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis regardless of tissue preservation or location in the esophagus. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2015 Jun;24(2):151-7.Full text  Abstract

98. Dellon ES, Khoury P, Muir AB, et al. A clinical severity index for eosinophilic esophagitis: development, consensus, and future directions. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022 Jul;150(1):33-47. Abstract

99. ASGE Standards of Practice Committee, Storm AC, Fishman DS, et al. American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guideline on informed consent for GI endoscopic procedures. Gastrointest Endosc. 2022 Feb;95(2):207-15.e2. Abstract

100. Papadopoulou A, Koletzko S, Heuschkel R, et al. Management guidelines of eosinophilic esophagitis in childhood. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014 Jan;58(1):107-18.Full text  Abstract

101. Hirano I, Chan ES, Rank MA, et al. AGA institute and the joint task force on allergy-immunology practice parameters clinical guidelines for the management of eosinophilic esophagitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2020 May;124(5):416-23.Full text  Abstract

102. Straumann A, Conus S, Degen L, et al. Budesonide is effective in adolescent and adult patients with active eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology. 2010 Nov;139(5):1526-37.Full text  Abstract

103. Miehlke S, Hruz P, Vieth M, et al. A randomised, double-blind trial comparing budesonide formulations and dosages for short-term treatment of eosinophilic oesophagitis. Gut. 2016 Mar;65(3):390-9.Full text  Abstract

104. Gupta SK, Vitanza JM, Collins MH. Efficacy and safety of oral budesonide suspension in pediatric patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Jan;13(1):66-76. Abstract

105. Dohil R, Newbury R, Fox L, et al. Oral viscous budesonide is effective in children with eosinophilic esophagitis in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Gastroenterology. 2010 Aug;139(2):418-29.Full text  Abstract

106. Dellon ES, Sheikh A, Speck O, et al. Viscous topical is more effective than nebulized steroid therapy for patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology. 2012 Aug;143(2):321-4.Full text  Abstract

107. Dellon ES, Katzka DA, Collins MH, et al. Oral budesonide suspension significantly improves dysphagia and esophageal eosinophilia: results from a multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in adolescents and adults with eosinophilic esophagitis (Ab 813). Gastroenterology. 2015 Apr;148(4) Suppl 1:S157.

108. Schaefer ET, Fitzgerald JF, Molleston JP, et al. Comparison of oral prednisone and topical fluticasone in the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis: a randomized trial in children. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Feb;6(2):165-73.Full text  Abstract

109. Peterson KA, Thomas KL, Hilden K, et al. Comparison of esomeprazole to aerosolized, swallowed fluticasone for eosinophilic esophagitis. Dig Dis Sci. 2010 May;55(5):1313-9. Abstract

110. Moawad FJ, Veerappan GR, Dias JA, et al. Randomized controlled trial comparing aerosolized swallowed fluticasone to esomeprazole for esophageal eosinophilia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 Mar;108(3):366-72. Abstract

111. Konikoff MR, Noel RJ, Blanchard C, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fluticasone propionate for pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology. 2006 Nov;131(5):1381-91.Full text  Abstract

112. Butz BK, Wen T, Gleich GJ, et al. Efficacy, dose reduction, and resistance to high-dose fluticasone in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology. 2014 Aug;147(2):324-33.Full text  Abstract

113. Alexander JA, Jung KW, Arora AS, et al. Swallowed fluticasone improves histologic but not symptomatic response of adults with eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012 Jul;10(7):742-9.Full text  Abstract

114. Tomizawa Y, Melek J, Komaki Y, et al. Efficacy of pharmacologic therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2018 Aug;52(7):596-606. Abstract

115. Fable JM, Fernandez M, Goodine S, et al. Retrospective comparison of fluticasone propionate and oral viscous budesonide in children with eosinophilic esophagitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018 Jan;66(1):26-32. Abstract

116. Molina-Infante J, Lucendo AJ. Update on topical steroid therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Jun-Jul;38(6):388-97.Full text  Abstract

117. Dellon ES, Woosley JT, Arrington A, et al. Efficacy of budesonide vs fluticasone for initial treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis in a randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterology. 2019 Jul;157(1):65-73.Full text  Abstract

118. Straumann A, Lucendo AJ, Miehlke S, et al. Budesonide orodispersible tablets maintain remission in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology. 2020 Nov;159(5):1672-85.e5.Full text  Abstract

119. Lucendo AJ, Miehlke S, Schlag C, et al. Efficacy of budesonide orodispersible tablets as induction therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis in a randomized placebo-controlled Trial. Gastroenterology. 2019 Jul;157(1):74-86.e15.Full text  Abstract

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