Panic disorders

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., text revision, (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.

Andrews G, Bell C, Boyce P, et al. Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of panic disorder, social anxiety disorder and generalised anxiety disorder. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2018;52(12):1109-172.Full text

Penninx BW, Pine DS, Holmes EA, et al. Anxiety disorders. Lancet. 2021 Mar 6;397(10277):914-27.Full text  Abstract

Katzman MA, Bleau P, Blier P, et al; Canadian Anxiety Guidelines Initiative Group on behalf of the Anxiety Disorders Association of Canada and McGill University. Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders. BMC Psychiatry. 2014;14 Suppl 1:S1.Full text  Abstract

Roy-Byrne P, Craske MG, Sullivan G, et al. Delivery of evidence-based treatment for multiple anxiety disorders in primary care: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2010 May 19;303(19):1921-8. Abstract

1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., text revision, (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.

2. Olaya B, Moneta MV, Miret M, et al. Epidemiology of panic attacks, panic disorder and the moderating role of age: results from a population-based study. J Affect Disord. 2018 Dec 1;241:627-33. Abstract

3. de Jonge P, Roest AM, Lim CC, et al. Cross-national epidemiology of panic disorder and panic attacks in the world mental health surveys. Depress Anxiety. 2016 Dec;33(12):1155-77.Full text  Abstract

4. Andrews G, Bell C, Boyce P, et al. Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of panic disorder, social anxiety disorder and generalised anxiety disorder. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2018;52(12):1109-172.Full text

5. Goodwin RD, Eaton WW. Asthma and the risk of panic attacks among adults in the community. Psychol Med. 2003;33:879-885. Abstract

6. Zvolensky MJ, Feldner MT, Leen-Feldner EW, et al. Smoking and panic attacks, panic disorder, and agoraphobia: a review of the empirical literature. Clin Psychol Rev. 2005;25:761-789. Abstract

7. Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Jin R, et al. The epidemiology of panic attacks, panic disorder, and agoraphobia in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006 Apr;63(4):415-24.Full text  Abstract

8. Grant BF, Hasin DS, Stinson FS, et al. The epidemiology of DSM-IV panic disorder and agoraphobia in the United States: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006 Mar;67(3):363-74. Abstract

9. Goodwin RD, Faravelli C, Rosi S, et al. The epidemiology of panic disorder and agoraphobia in Europe. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005 Aug;15(4):435-43. Abstract

10. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, et al. Anxiety disorders in primary care: prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection. Ann Intern Med. 2007 Mar 6;146(5):317-25. Abstract

11. Roy-Byrne PP, Wagner AW, Schraufnagel TJ. Understanding and treating panic disorder in the primary care setting. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005;66 Suppl 4:16-22. Abstract

12. Penninx BW, Pine DS, Holmes EA, et al. Anxiety disorders. Lancet. 2021 Mar 6;397(10277):914-27.Full text  Abstract

13. Clayton AH, Stewart RS, Fayyad R, et al. Sex differences in clinical presentation and response in panic disorder: pooled data from sertraline treatment studies. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2006 May;9(3):151-7. Abstract

14. Hammerness P, Harpold T, Petty C, et al. Characterizing non-OCD anxiety disorders in psychiatrically referred children and adolescents. J Affect Disord. 2008 Jan;105(1-3):213-9. Abstract

15. Goodwin RD, Lieb R, Hoefler M, et al. Panic attack as a risk factor for severe psychopathology. Am J Psychiatry. 2004 Dec;161(12):2207-14. Abstract

16. Lamers F, van Oppen P, Comijs HC, et al. Comorbidity patterns of anxiety and depressive disorders in a large cohort study: the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). J Clin Psychiatry. 2011 Mar;72(3):341-8. Abstract

17. Cosci F, Knuts IJ, Abrams K, et al. Cigarette smoking and panic: a critical review of the literature. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010 May;71(5):606-15. Abstract

18. Rodriguez BF, Bruce SE, Pagano ME, et al. Relationships among psychosocial functioning, diagnostic comorbidity, and the recurrence of generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and major depression. J Anxiety Disord. 2005;19(7):752-66. Abstract

19. Roy-Byrne PP, Stein MB, Russo J, et al. Panic disorder in the primary care setting: comorbidity, disability, service utilization, and treatment. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999 Jul;60(7):492-9. Abstract

20. Penninx BW, Nolen WA, Lamers F, et al. Two-year course of depressive and anxiety disorders: results from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). J Affect Disord. 2011 Sep;133(1-2):76-85.Full text  Abstract

21. Teismann T, Lukaschek K, Hiller TS, et al. Suicidal ideation in primary care patients suffering from panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. BMC Psychiatry. 2018 Sep 24;18(1):305.Full text  Abstract

22. Hettema JM, Neale NC, Kendler KS. A review and meta-analysis of the genetic epidemiology of anxiety disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2001 Oct;158(10):1568-78. Abstract

23. Kendler KS, Neale MC, Kessler RC, et al. Panic disorder in women: a population-based twin study. Psychol Med. 1993 May;23(2):397-406. Abstract

24. Meier SM, Deckert J. Genetics of anxiety disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2019 Mar 2;21(3):16. Abstract

25. Roy-Byrne PP, Craske MG, Stein M. Panic disorder. Lancet. 2006 Sep 16;368(9540):1023-32. Abstract

26. Howe AS, Buttenschøn HN, Bani-Fatemi A, et al. Candidate genes in panic disorder: meta-analyses of 23 common variants in major anxiogenic pathways. Mol Psychiatry. 2016 May;21(5):665-79. Abstract

27. Deckert J, Weber H, Villmann C, et al. GLRB allelic variation associated with agoraphobic cognitions, increased startle response and fear network activation: a potential neurogenetic pathway to panic disorder. Mol Psychiatry. 2017 Oct;22(10):1431-9 Abstract

28. Schartner C, Ziegler C, Schiele MA, et al. CRHR1 promoter hypomethylation: An epigenetic readout of panic disorder? Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2017 Apr;27(4):360-71.Full text  Abstract

29. Barlow DH. Anxiety and its disorders. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press; 2002.

30. Leskin GA, Sheikh JI. Lifetime trauma history and panic disorder: findings from the National Comorbidity Survey. J Anxiety Disord. 2002;16(6):599-603. Abstract

31. Niccolai V, van Duinen MA, Griez EJ. Respiratory patterns in panic disorder reviewed: a focus on biological challenge tests. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2009;120:167-177. Abstract

32. Schmidt NB, Lerew DR, Jackson RJ. Prospective evaluation of anxiety sensitivity in the pathogenesis of panic: replication and extension. J Abnorm Psych. 1999;108:532-537. Abstract

33. LeDoux J, Daw ND. Surviving threats: neural circuit and computational implications of a new taxonomy of defensive behaviour. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2018 May;19(5):269-82. Abstract

34. Clark DA, Beck AT. Cognitive therapy of anxiety disorders: science and practice. New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 2010.

35. Hirshfeld DR, Smoller JW, Fredman SJ, et al. Early antecedents of panic disorder: genes, childhood, and the environment. In: Rosenbaum JF, Pollack MH, eds. Panic disorder and its treatment. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker Inc; 1998:93-152.

36. Pine DS, Fox NA. Childhood antecedents and risk for adult mental disorders. Annu Rev Psychol. 2015 Jan 3;66:459-85. Abstract

37. Schmidt NB, Lerew DR, Jackson RJ. Prospective evaluation of anxiety sensitivity in the pathogenesis of panic: replication and extension. J Abnorm Psychol. 1999 Aug;108(3):532-7. Abstract

38. Naragon-Gainey K. Meta-analysis of the relations of anxiety sensitivity to the depressive and anxiety disorders. Psychol Bull. 2010 Jan;136(1):128-50. Abstract

39. Gorman JM, Kent JM, Sullivan GM, et al. Neuroanatomical hypothesis of panic disorder, revised. Am J Psychiatry. 2000 Apr;157(4):493-505. Abstract

40. Roy-Byrne PP, Cowley DS. Search for pathophysiology of panic disorder. Lancet. 1998 Nov 21;352(9141):1646-7. Abstract

41. Wu Y, Zhong Y, Ma Z, et al. Gray matter changes in panic disorder: A voxel-based meta-analysis and meta-analytic connectivity modeling. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging. 2018 Dec 30;282:82-89. Abstract

42. Abelson JL, Khan S, Liberzon I, et al. HPA axis activity in patients with panic disorder: review and synthesis of four studies. Depress Anxiety. 2007;24(1):66-76.Full text  Abstract

43. Marin MF, Hammoud MZ, Klumpp H, et al. Multimodal categorical and dimensional approaches to understanding threat conditioning and its extinction in individuals with anxiety disorders. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020 Jun 1;77(6):618-27.Full text  Abstract

44. Janiri D, Moser DA, Doucet GE, et al. Shared neural phenotypes for mood and anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis of 226 task-related functional imaging studies. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020 Feb 1;77(2):172-9.Full text  Abstract

45. Kircher T, Arolt V, Jansen A, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy on neural correlates of fear conditioning in panic disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2013 Jan 1;73(1):93-101. Abstract

46. Reinecke A, Thilo K, Filippini N, et al. Predicting rapid response to cognitive-behavioural treatment for panic disorder: the role of hippocampus, insula, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Behav Res Ther. 2014 Nov;62:120-8. Abstract

47. Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Jin R, et al. The epidemiology of panic attacks, panic disorder, and agoraphobia in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006;63:415-424.Full text  Abstract

48. Grant BF, Hasin DS, Stinson FS, et al. The epidemiology of DSM-IV panic disorder and agoraphobia in the United States: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67:363-374. Abstract

49. Goodwin RD, Lieb R, Hoefler M, et al. Panic attack as a risk factor for severe psychopathology. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161:2207-2214. Abstract

50. Goodwin RD, Eaton WW. Asthma and the risk of panic attacks among adults in the community. Psychol Med. 2003 Jul;33(5):879-85. Abstract

51. Niccolai V, van Duinen MA, Griez EJ. Respiratory patterns in panic disorder reviewed: a focus on biological challenge tests. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2009 Sep;120(3):167-77. Abstract

52. Zvolensky MJ, Feldner MT, Leen-Feldner EW, et al. Smoking and panic attacks, panic disorder, and agoraphobia: a review of the empirical literature. Clin Psychol Rev. 2005 Sep;25(6):761-89. Abstract

53. Vilarim MM, Rocha Araujo DM, Nardi AE. Caffeine challenge test and panic disorder: a systematic literature review. Expert Rev Neurother. 2011 Aug;11(8):1185-95. Abstract

54. Moreno-Peral P, Conejo-Cerón S, Rubio-Valera M, et al. Effectiveness of psychological and/or educational interventions in the prevention of anxiety: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017 Oct 1;74(10):1021-9.Full text  Abstract

55. Craske MG, Tsao JC. Assessment and treatment of nocturnal panic attacks. Sleep Med Rev. 2005 Jun;9(3):173-84. Abstract

56. Isensee B, Wittchen HU, Stein MB, et al. Smoking increases the risk of panic: findings from a prospective community study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003 Jul;60(7):692-700.Full text  Abstract

57. Lewis-Fernández R, Hinton DE, Laria AJ, et al. Culture and the anxiety disorders: recommendations for DSM-V. Depress Anxiety. 2010 Feb;27(2):212-29.Full text  Abstract

58. Hollifield M, Finley MR, Skipper B. Panic disorder phenomenology in urban self-identified Caucasian-Non-Hispanics and Caucasian-Hispanics. Depress Anxiety. 2003;18(1):7-17. Abstract

59. Hinton DE, Chhean D, Pich V, et al. Neck-focused panic attacks among Cambodian refugees: a logistic and linear regression analysis. J Anxiety Disord. 2006;20(2):119-38. Abstract

60. Hinton DE, Chhean D, Fama JM, et al. Gastrointestinal-focused panic attacks among Cambodian refugees: associated psychopathology, flashbacks, and catastrophic cognitions. J Anxiety Disord. 2007;21(1):42-580. Abstract

61. Smith LC, Friedman S, Nevid J. Clinical and sociocultural differences in African American and European American patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1999 Sep;187(9):549-60. Abstract

62. Seguí J, Salvador-Carulla I, García I, et al. Semiology and subtyping of panic disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1998 Apr;97(4):272-7. Abstract

63. Neerakal I, Srinivasan K. A study of the phenomenology of panic attacks in patients from India. Psychopathology. 2003 Mar-Apr;36(2):92-7. Abstract

64. Shiori T, Someya T, Murashita S, et al. The symptom structure of panic disorder: a trial using factor and cluster analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1996 Feb;93(2):80-6. Abstract

65. Deacon B, Lickel J, Abramowitz JS. Medical utilization across the anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord. 2008;22(2):344-50. Abstract

66. Comer JS, Blanco C, Hasin DS, et al. Health-related quality of life across the anxiety disorders: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions (NESARC). J Clin Psychiatry. 2011 Jan;72(1):43-50.Full text  Abstract

67. Nepon J, Belik SL, Bolton J, et al. The relationship between anxiety disorders and suicide attempts: findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Depress Anxiety. 2010 Sep;27(9):791-8.Full text  Abstract

68. de Graaf R, Tuithof M, van Dorsselaer S, et al. Comparing the effects on work performance of mental and physical disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2012 Nov;47(11):1873-83. Abstract

69. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder in adults: management. Jun 2020 [internet publication].Full text

70. Katzman MA, Bleau P, Blier P, et al; Canadian Anxiety Guidelines Initiative Group on behalf of the Anxiety Disorders Association of Canada and McGill University. Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders. BMC Psychiatry. 2014;14 Suppl 1:S1.Full text  Abstract

71. Weber BE, Kapoor WN. Evaluation and outcomes of patients with palpitations. Am J Med. 1996 Feb;100(2):138-48. Abstract

72. Katerndahl DA. Chest pain and its importance in patients with panic disorder: an updated literature review. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;10(5):376-83.Full text  Abstract

73. Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB; Patient Health Questionnaire Primary Care Study Group. Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ primary care study. JAMA. 1999 Nov 10;282(18):1737-44.Full text  Abstract

74. Furukawa TA, Katherine Shear M, Barlow DH, ET AL. Evidence-based guidelines for interpretation of the Panic Disorder Severity Scale. Depress Anxiety. 2009;26(10):922-9.Full text  Abstract

75. Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, et al. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006 May 22;166(10):1092-7.Full text  Abstract

76. US Preventive Services Task Force, Barry MJ, Nicholson WK, et al. Screening for anxiety disorders in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2023 Jun 27;329(24):2163-70.Full text  Abstract

77. US Preventive Services Task Force, Mangione CM, Barry MJ, et al. Screening for anxiety in children and adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2022 Oct 11;328(14):1438-44.Full text  Abstract

78. Gregory KD, Chelmow D, Nelson HD, et al. Screening for anxiety in adolescent and adult women: a recommendation from the Women's Preventive Services Initiative. Ann Intern Med. 2020 Jul 7;173(1):48-56.Full text  Abstract

79. Barsky AJ, Delamater BA, Orav JE. Panic disorder patients and their medical care. Psychosomatics. 1999 Jan-Feb;40(1):50-6. Abstract

80. Imai H, Tajika A, Chen P, et al. Psychological therapies versus pharmacological interventions for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Oct 12;10(10):CD011170.Full text  Abstract

81. Roy-Byrne P, Craske MG, Sullivan G, et al. Delivery of evidence-based treatment for multiple anxiety disorders in primary care: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2010 May 19;303(19):1921-8. Abstract

82. Sullivan G, Craske MG, Sherbourne C, et al. Design of the Coordinated Anxiety Learning and Management (CALM) study: innovations in collaborative care for anxiety disorders. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2007 Sep-Oct;29(5):379-87.Full text  Abstract

83. Craske MG, Stein MB, Sullivan G, et al. Disorder-specific impact of coordinated anxiety learning and management treatment for anxiety disorders in primary care. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011 Apr;68(4):378-88.Full text  Abstract

84. Rollman BL, Belnap BH, Mazumdar S, et al. Telephone-delivered stepped collaborative care for treating anxiety in primary care: a randomized controlled trial. J Gen Intern Med. 2017 Mar;32(3):245-55.Full text  Abstract

85. Rollman BL, Herbeck Belnap B, Abebe KZ, et al. Effectiveness of online collaborative care for treating mood and anxiety disorders in primary care: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018 Jan 1;75(1):56-64.Full text  Abstract

86. Munjack DJ, Crocker B, Cabe D, et al. Alprazolam, propranolol, and placebo in the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia with panic attacks. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1989 Feb;9(1):22-7. Abstract

87. Febbraro GA. An investigation into the effectiveness of bibliotherapy and minimal contact interventions in the treatment of panic attacks. J Clin Psychol. 2005 Jun;61(6):763-79. Abstract

88. Sharp DM, Power KG, Swanson V. Reducing therapist contact in cognitive behaviour therapy for panic disorder and agoraphobia in primary care: global measures of outcome in a randomised controlled trial. Br J Gen Pract. 2000 Dec;50(461):963-8.Full text  Abstract

89. Febbraro GA, Clum GA, Roodman AA, et al. The limits of bibliotherapy: a study of the differential effectiveness of self-administered interventions in individuals with panic attacks. Beh Ther. 1999;30(2):209-22.

90. The Reading Agency (UK). Reading Well Books on Prescription scheme. 2018 [internet publication].Full text

91. Lewis C, Pearce J, Bisson JI. Efficacy, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of self-help interventions for anxiety disorders: systematic review. Br J Psychiatry. 2012 Jan;200(1):15-21. Abstract

92. Andrisano C, Chiesa A, Serretti A. Newer antidepressants and panic disorder: a meta-analysis. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2013 Jan;28(1):33-45. Abstract

93. Hofmann SG, Sawyer AT, Korte KJ, et al. Is it beneficial to add pharmacotherapy to cognitive-behavioral therapy when treating anxiety disorders? A meta-analytic review. Int J Cogn Ther. 2009 Jan 1;2(2):160-75.Full text  Abstract

94. Bandelow B, Reitt M, Röver C, et al. Efficacy of treatments for anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2015 Jul;30(4):183-92.Full text  Abstract

95. Barlow DH, Gorman JM, Shear MK, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy, imiprimine, or their combination for panic disorder: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2000 May 17;283(19):2529-36. Abstract

96. Otto MW, Deveney C. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and the treatment of panic disorder: efficacy and strategies. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005;66 Suppl 4:28-32. Abstract

97. Sánchez-Meca J, Rosa-Alcázar AI, Marín-Martínez F, et al. Psychological treatment of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2010 Feb;30(1):37-50. Abstract

98. Carlbring P, Bohman S, Brunt S, et al. Remote treatment of panic disorder: a randomized trail of internet-based cognitive behavior therapy supplemented with telephone calls. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163:2119-2125. Abstract

99. Cuijpers P, Marks IM, van Straten A, et al. Computer-aided psychotherapy for anxiety disorders: a meta-analytic review. Cogn Behav Ther. 2009;38:66-82. Abstract

100. Hedman E, Ljótsson B, Lindefors N. Cognitive behavior therapy via the Internet: a systematic review of applications, clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2012;12:745-764. Abstract

101. Andrews G, Basu A, Cuijpers P, et al. Computer therapy for the anxiety and depression disorders is effective, acceptable and practical health care: An updated meta-analysis. J Anxiety Disord. 2018 Apr;55:70-8.Full text  Abstract

102. Andrews G, Cuijpers P, Craske MG, et al. Computer therapy for the anxiety and depressive disorders is effective, acceptable and practical health care: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2010 Oct 13;5(10):e13196.Full text  Abstract

103. Olthuis JV, Watt MC, Bailey K, et al. Therapist-supported internet cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(3):CD011565.Full text  Abstract

104. Ruwaard J, Broeksteeg J, Schrieken B, et al. Web-based therapist-assisted cognitive behavioral treatment of panic symptoms: a randomized controlled trial with a three-year follow-up. J Anxiety Disord. 2010 May;24(4):387-96. Abstract

105. Marchand A, Roberge P, Primiano S, et al. A randomized, controlled clinical trial of standard, group and brief cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia: a two-year follow-up. J Anxiety Disord. 2009 Dec;23(8):1139-47. Abstract

106. Roy-Byrne PP, Craske MG, Stein MB, et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and medication for primary care panic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005 Mar;62(3):290-8.Full text  Abstract

107. Gloster AT, Wittchen HU, Einsle F, et al. Psychological treatment for panic disorder with agoraphobia: a randomized controlled trial to examine the role of therapist-guided exposure in situ in CBT. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Jun;79(3):406-20. Abstract

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111. Furukawa TA, Watanabe N, Churchill R. Psychotherapy plus antidepressant for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia: systematic review. Br J Psychiatry. 2006 Apr;188:305-12. Abstract

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117. Bradwejn J, Ahokas A, Stein DJ, et al. Venlafaxine extended-release capsules in panic disorder: flexible-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Br J Psychiatry. 2005 Oct;187:352-9.Full text  Abstract

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119. Freire RC, Hallak JE, Crippa JA, et al. New treatment options for panic disorder: clinical trials from 2000 to 2010. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2011 Jun;12(9):1419-28. Abstract

120. Bighelli I, Castellazzi M, Cipriani A, et al. Antidepressants versus placebo for panic disorder in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Apr 5;4(4):CD010676.Full text  Abstract

121. Chawla N, Anothaisintawee T, Charoenrungrueangchai K, et al. Drug treatment for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2022 Jan 19;376:e066084.Full text  Abstract

122. Bighelli I, Trespidi C, Castellazzi M, et al. Antidepressants and benzodiazepines for panic disorder in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Sep 12;9(9):CD011567.Full text  Abstract

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124. Ballenger JC, Davidson JR, Lecrubier Y, et al. Consensus statement on panic disorder from the International Consensus Group on Depression and Anxiety. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59 Suppl 8:47-54. Abstract

125. Pollack MH, Otto MW, Worthington JJ, et al. Sertraline in the treatment of panic disorder: a flexible-dose multicenter trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998 Nov;55(11):1010-6.Full text  Abstract

126. Michelson D, Allgulander C, Dantendorfer K, et al. Efficacy of usual antidepressant dosing regimens of fluoxetine in panic disorder: randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2001 Dec;179:514-8.Full text  Abstract

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128. Leinonen E, Lepola U, Koponen H, et al. Citalopram controls phobic symptoms in patients with panic disorder: randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2000 Jan;25(1):24-32.Full text  Abstract

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