Carotid artery stenosis

Brott TG, Halperin JL, Abbara S, et al. 2011 ASA/ACCF/AHA/AANN/AANS/ACR/ASNR/CNS/SAIP/SCAI/SIR/SNIS/SVM/SVS guideline on the management of patients with extracranial carotid and vertebral artery disease. Circulation. 2011 Jul 26;124(4):e54-130.Texto completo  Resumo

Naylor R, Rantner B, Ancetti S, et al. Editor's choice - European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of atherosclerotic carotid and vertebral artery disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2023 Jan;65(1):7-111.Texto completo  Resumo

AbuRahma AF, Avgerinos ED, Chang RW, et al. Society for Vascular Surgery clinical practice guidelines for management of extracranial cerebrovascular disease. J Vasc Surg. 2022 Jan;75(1s):4S-22S. Resumo

North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med. 1991 Aug 15;325(7):445-53.Texto completo  Resumo

Grotta JC. Clinical practice. Carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2013 Sep 19;369(12):1143-50. Resumo

1. Brott TG, Halperin JL, Abbara S, et al. 2011 ASA/ACCF/AHA/AANN/AANS/ACR/ASNR/CNS/SAIP/SCAI/SIR/SNIS/SVM/SVS guideline on the management of patients with extracranial carotid and vertebral artery disease. Circulation. 2011 Jul 26;124(4):e54-130.Texto completo  Resumo

2. Naylor R, Rantner B, Ancetti S, et al. Editor's choice - European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of atherosclerotic carotid and vertebral artery disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2023 Jan;65(1):7-111.Texto completo  Resumo

3. Song P, Fang Z, Wang H, et al. Global and regional prevalence, burden, and risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and modelling study. Lancet Glob Health. 2020 May;8(5):e721-9.Texto completo  Resumo

4. de Weerd M, Greving JP, de Jong AW, et al. Prevalence of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis according to age and sex: systematic review and metaregression analysis. Stroke. 2009 Apr;40(4):1105-13.Texto completo  Resumo

5. Lal BK, Meschia JF, Brott TG, et al. Race differences in high-grade carotid artery stenosis. Stroke. 2021 Jun;52(6):2053-9.Texto completo  Resumo

6. Gensicke H, Engelter S, Bonati L. Endovascular treatment for carotid artery stenosis [in German]. Ther Umsch. 2012 Sep;69(9):523-35. Resumo

7. Sacco RL, Boden-Albala B, Gan R, et al. Stroke incidence among white, black, and Hispanic residents of an urban community: the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Feb 1;147(3):259-68.Texto completo  Resumo

8. Martin SS, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, et al. 2024 heart disease and stroke statistics: a report of US and global data from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024 Feb 20;149(8):e347-913.Texto completo  Resumo

9. Stary HC. Natural history and histological classification of atherosclerotic lesions: an update. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000 May;20(5):1177-8.Texto completo  Resumo

10. Zarins CK, Giddens DP, Bharadvaj BK, et al. Carotid bifurcation atherosclerosis. Quantitative correlation of plaque localization with flow velocity profiles and wall shear stress. Circ Res. 1983 Oct;53(4):502-14.Texto completo  Resumo

11. AbuRahma AF, Avgerinos ED, Chang RW, et al. Society for Vascular Surgery clinical practice guidelines for management of extracranial cerebrovascular disease. J Vasc Surg. 2022 Jan;75(1s):4S-22S. Resumo

12. Sacco RL, Benjamin EJ, Broderick JP, et al. American Heart Association Prevention Conference. IV. Prevention and Rehabilitation of Stroke. Risk factors. Stroke. 1997 Jul;28(7):1507-17.Texto completo  Resumo

13. Mathiesen EB, Joakimsen O, Bønaa KH. Prevalence of and risk factors associated with carotid artery stenosis: the Tromsø Study. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2001;12(1):44-51. Resumo

14. Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Kannel WB, et al. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for stroke. The Framingham Study. JAMA. 1988 Feb 19;259(7):1025-9. Resumo

15. House AK, Bell R, House J, et al. Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis associated with peripheral vascular disease: a prospective study. Cardiovasc Surg. 1999 Jan;7(1):44-9. Resumo

16. Kannel WB, Wolf PA, McGee DL, et al. Systolic blood pressure, arterial rigidity, and risk of stroke. The Framingham study. JAMA. 1981 Mar 27;245(12):1225-9. Resumo

17. Wolf PA, Kannel WB, Sorlie P, et al. Asymptomatic carotid bruit and risk of stroke. The Framingham study. JAMA. 1981 Apr 10;245(14):1442-5. Resumo

18. Wardlaw JM, Chappell FM, Stevenson M, et al. Accurate, practical and cost-effective assessment of carotid stenosis in the UK. Health Technol Assess. 2006 Aug;10(30):iii-iv;ix-x;1-182. Resumo

19. US Preventive Services Task Force. Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis: screening​. Feb 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

20. Zhu CZ, Norris JW. Role of carotid stenosis in ischemic stroke. Stroke. 1990 Aug;21(8):1131-4.Texto completo  Resumo

21. AbuRahma AF, Srivastava M, Stone PA, et al. Critical appraisal of the Carotid Duplex Consensus criteria in the diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis. J Vasc Surg. 2011 Jan;53(1):53-9;discussion 59-60.Texto completo  Resumo

22. Adla T, Adlova R. Multimodality imaging of carotid stenosis. Int J Angiol. 2015 Sep;24(3):179-84.Texto completo  Resumo

23. Cassola N, Baptista-Silva JC, Nakano LC, et al. Duplex ultrasound for diagnosing symptomatic carotid stenosis in the extracranial segments. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Jul;7(7):CD013172.Texto completo  Resumo

24. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med. 1991 Aug 15;325(7):445-53.Texto completo  Resumo

25. Grotta JC. Clinical practice. Carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2013 Sep 19;369(12):1143-50. Resumo

26. Koelemay MJ, Nederkoorn PJ, Reitsma JB, et al. Systematic review of computed tomographic angiography for assessment of carotid artery disease. Stroke. 2004 Oct;35(10):2306-12.Texto completo  Resumo

27. Nederkoorn PJ, van der Graaf Y, Hunink MG. Duplex ultrasound and magnetic resonance angiography compared with digital subtraction angiography in carotid artery stenosis: a systematic review. Stroke. 2003 May;34(5):1324-32.Texto completo  Resumo

28. European Carotid Surgery Trialists' Collaborative Group. MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial: interim results for symptomatic patients with severe (70-99%) or with mild (0-29%) carotid stenosis. European Carotid Surgery Trialists' Collaborative Group. Lancet. 1991 May 25;337(8752):1235-43.Texto completo  Resumo

29. Rothwell PM, Gibson RJ, Slattery J, et al. Equivalence of measurements of carotid stenosis. A comparison of three methods on 1001 angiograms. European Carotid Surgery Trialists' Collaborative Group. Stroke. 1994 Dec;25(12):2435-9.Texto completo  Resumo

30. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: cerebrovascular diseases - stroke and stroke-related conditions. 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

31. Aboyans V, Ricco JB, Bartelink MEL, et al; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2017 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral arterial diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS): document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteries. Eur Heart J. 2018 Mar 1;39(9):763-816.Texto completo  Resumo

32. Brott TG, Hobson RW 2nd, Howard G, et al; CREST Investigators. Stenting versus endarterectomy for treatment of carotid-artery stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2010 Jul 1;363(1):11-23.Texto completo  Resumo

33. Halliday A, Bulbulia R, Bonati LH, et al. Second asymptomatic carotid surgery trial (ACST-2): a randomised comparison of carotid artery stenting versus carotid endarterectomy. Lancet. 2021 Sep;398(10305):1065-73.Texto completo  Resumo

34. Bonati LH, Jansen O, de Borst GJ, et al. Management of atherosclerotic extracranial carotid artery stenosis. Lancet Neurol. 2022 Mar;21(3):273-83. Resumo

35. Wang J, Bai X, Wang T, et al. Carotid stenting versus endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke. 2022 Oct;53(10):3047-54.Texto completo  Resumo

36. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Carotid artery stent placement for asymptomatic extracranial carotid stenosis. Apr 2011 [internet publication].Texto completo

37. Ballotta E, Angelini A, Mazzalai F, et al. Carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic low-grade carotid stenosis. J Vasc Surg. 2014 Jan;59(1):25-31.Texto completo  Resumo

38. Rerkasem A, Orrapin S, Howard DP, et al. Carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Sep;9(9):CD001081.Texto completo  Resumo

39. Brott TG, Calvet D, Howard G, et al; Carotid Stenosis Trialists' Collaboration. Long-term outcomes of stenting and endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis: a preplanned pooled analysis of individual patient data. Lancet Neurol. 2019 Apr;18(4):348-56. Resumo

40. Müller MD, Lyrer P, Brown MM, et al. Carotid artery stenting versus endarterectomy for treatment of carotid artery stenosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Feb;2(2):CD000515.Texto completo  Resumo

41. Naylor AR, Cuffe RL, Rothwell PM, et al. A systematic review of outcomes following staged and synchronous carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2003 May;25(5):380-9. Resumo

42. Jones DW, Stone DH, Conrad MF, et al. Regional use of combined carotid endarterectomy/coronary artery bypass graft and the effect of patient risk. J Vasc Surg. 2012 Sep;56(3):668-76.Texto completo  Resumo

43. Lal BK, Beach KW, Roubin GS, et al; CREST Investigators. Restenosis after carotid artery stenting and endarterectomy: a secondary analysis of CREST, a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2012 Sep;11(9):755-63.Texto completo  Resumo

44. Amarenco P, Bogousslavsky J, Callahan A 3rd, et al; Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) Investigators. High-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med. 2006 Aug 10;355(6):549-59.Texto completo  Resumo

45. Sillesen H, Amarenco P, Hennerici MG, et al; Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels Investigators. Atorvastatin reduces the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with carotid atherosclerosis: a secondary analysis of the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) trial. Stroke. 2008 Dec;39(12):3297-302.Texto completo  Resumo

46. Lal BK, Cambria R, Moore W, et al. Evaluating the optimal training paradigm for transcarotid artery revascularization based on worldwide experience. J Vasc Surg. 2022 Feb;75(2):581-9.e1.Texto completo  Resumo

47. Lal BK, Mayorga-Carlin M, Kashyap V, et al. Learning curve and proficiency metrics for transcarotid artery revascularization. J Vasc Surg. 2022 Jun;75(6):1966-76.e1. Resumo

48. Stacey BG. Explanations of the horizontal-vertical illusion and the foreshortening of receding horizontals. Life Sci. 1969 Nov;8(22):1237-46.Texto completo  Resumo

49. Schermerhorn ML, Liang P, Eldrup-Jorgensen J, et al. Association of transcarotid artery revascularization vs transfemoral carotid artery stenting with stroke or death among patients with carotid artery stenosis. JAMA. 2019 Dec;322(23):2313-22.Texto completo  Resumo

50. Kashyap VS, So KL, Schneider PA, et al. One-year outcomes after transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) in the ROADSTER 2 trial. J Vasc Surg. 2022 Aug;76(2):466-73.e1. Resumo

51. Kleindorfer DO, Towfighi A, Chaturvedi S, et al. 2021 Guideline for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2021 Jul;52(7):e364-467.Texto completo  Resumo

52. Bonati LH, Kakkos S, Berkefeld J, et al. European Stroke Organisation guideline on endarterectomy and stenting for carotid artery stenosis. Eur Stroke J. 2021 Jun;6(2):I-XLVII.Texto completo  Resumo

53. Executive Committee for the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study. Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. JAMA. 1995;273:1421-1428. Resumo

54. Lal BK, Beach KW, Roubin GS, et al. Restenosis after carotid artery stenting and endarterectomy: a secondary analysis of CREST, a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11:755-763. Resumo

55. den Hartog AG, Achterberg S, Moll FL, et al. Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis and the risk of ischemic stroke according to subtype in patients with clinical manifest arterial disease. Stroke. 2013 Apr;44(4):1002-7.Texto completo  Resumo

56. Chang RW, Tucker LY, Rothenberg KA, et al. Incidence of ischemic stroke in patients with asymptomatic severe carotid stenosis without surgical intervention. JAMA. 2022 May;327(20):1974-82.Texto completo  Resumo

57. Doig D, Turner EL, Dobson J, et al; ICSS Investigators. Incidence, impact, and predictors of cranial nerve palsy and haematoma following carotid endarterectomy in the international carotid stenting study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2014 Nov;48(5):498-504.Texto completo  Resumo