Resumo
Definição
História e exame físico
Outros fatores diagnósticos
- paresthesias/cold sensation/cyanosis in limb or finger
- ulceration/gangrene
- claudication
- rest pain
- superficial thrombophlebitis
- cold limb or finger
- pale limb or finger
- absence of distal pulses
- positive Allen test
- joint arthritis
- duration of joint symptoms up to 2 weeks
Fatores de risco
- smoking
- age <40 years
- region of origin: southeast Mediterranean, Middle East, and Far East
- male sex
- periodontal infection
- human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes
Investigações diagnósticas
Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas
- blood glucose
- BUN
- serum creatinine
- complete blood count (CBC) with differential
- coagulation screen
- thrombophilia screen
- C-reactive protein (CRP)
- erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
- arterial Doppler
Investigações a serem consideradas
- antinuclear antibody
- rheumatoid factor
- antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)
- complement levels
- anticentromere antibody
- topoisomerase I antibodies (Scl-70)
- echocardiogram
- arterial duplex
- digital subtraction angiography
- anticardiolipin antibodies
Novos exames
- CT angiography
- magnetic resonance angiography
- tissue biopsy
- genetic testing
Algoritmo de tratamento
critical ischemia
noncritical ischemia
Colaboradores
Autores
Matthew J. Metcalfe, MD, FRCS, FEBVS, FHEA

Consultant Vascular Surgeon
Lister Hospital
East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust
Hertfordshire
UK
Declarações
MJM declares that he has no competing interests.
Alun H. Davies, MA, DM, FRCS, FHEA

Professor of Vascular Surgery and Honorary Consultant Surgeon
Department of Vascular Surgery
Faculty of Medicine
Imperial College of Medicine
Charing Cross Hospital
London
UK
Declarações
AHD declares that he has no competing interests.
Revisores
Kosmas I. Paraskevas, MD, FASA
Department of Vascular Surgery
Red Cross Hospital
Athens
Greece
Declarações
KIP declares that he has no competing interests.
Maureen K. Sheehan, MD
Assistant Professor of Surgery
Division of Vascular Surgery
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
San Antonio
TX
Declarações
MKS declares that she has no competing interests.
Peter F. Lawrence, MD
Chief of Vascular Surgery
Director
Gonda Vascular Center
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Los Angeles
CA
Declarações
PFL declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
Referências
Principais artigos
Lie JT. The rise and fall and resurgence of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease). Acta Pathol Jpn. 1989 Mar;39(3):153-8. Resumo
Olin JW, Young JR, Graor RA, et al. The changing clinical spectrum of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease). Circulation. 1990 Nov;82(5 suppl):IV3-8. Resumo
Buerger L. Thrombo-angiitis obliterans: a study of the vascular lesions leading to presenile spontaneous gangrene. Am J Med Sci. 1908 Nov;136(5):567-80.
Papa MZ, Rabi I, Adar R. A point scoring system for the clinical diagnosis of Buerger's disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 1996 Apr;11(3):335-9. Resumo
Ohta T, Ishioashi H, Hosaka M, et al. Clinical and social consequences of Buerger disease. J Vasc Surg. 2004 Jan;39(1):176-80. Resumo
Cacione DG, Macedo CR, do Carmo Novaes F, et al. Pharmacological treatment for Buerger's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 May 4;5:CD011033.Texto completo Resumo
Artigos de referência
Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
Diagnósticos diferenciais
- Embolic disease
- Hypercoagulable state
- Raynaud phenomenon (RP)
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Raynaud phenomenon
Quitting smoking
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