Cerebral arteriovenous malformation

Al-Shahi R, Warlow C. A systematic review of the frequency and prognosis of arteriovenous malformations of the brain in adults. Brain. 2001 Oct;124(Pt 10):1900-26.Full text  Abstract

Spetzler RF, Martin NA. A proposed grading system for arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg. 1986 Oct;65(4):476-83. Abstract

Greenberg SM, Ziai WC, Cordonnier C, et al. 2022 Guideline for the management of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2022 Jul;53(7):e282-361.Full text  Abstract

Derdeyn CP, Zipfel GJ, Albuquerque FC, et al. Management of brain arteriovenous malformations: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2017 Aug;48(8):e200-24. Abstract

Zuurbier SM, Al-Shahi Salman R. Interventions for treating brain arteriovenous malformations in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Sep 10;9(9):CD003436.Full text  Abstract

1. Brown RD Jr., Wiebers DO, Torner JC, et al. Frequency of intracranial hemorrhage as a presenting symptom and subtype analysis: a population-based study of intracranial vascular malformations in Olmsted County, Minnesota. J Neurosurg. 1996 Jul;85(1):29-32. Abstract

2. Al-Shahi R, Warlow C. A systematic review of the frequency and prognosis of arteriovenous malformations of the brain in adults. Brain. 2001 Oct;124(Pt 10):1900-26.Full text  Abstract

3. Brown RD Jr., Wiebers DO, Forbes GS. Unruptured intracranial aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations: frequency of intracranial hemorrhage and relationship of lesions. J Neurosurg. 1990 Dec;73(6):859-63. Abstract

4. Itoyama Y, Uemura S, Ushio Y, et al. Natural course of unoperated intracranial arteriovenous malformations: study of 50 cases. J Neurosurg. 1989 Dec;71(6):805-9. Abstract

5. Heros RC, Korosue K, Diebold PM. Surgical excision of cerebral arteriovenous malformations: late results. Neurosurgery. 1990 Apr;26(4):570-7. Abstract

6. Spetzler RF, Martin NA. A proposed grading system for arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg. 1986 Oct;65(4):476-83. Abstract

7. De Oliveira E, Tedeschi H, Raso J. Comprehensive management of arteriovenous malformations. Neurol Res. 1998 Dec;20(8):673-83. Abstract

8. Lawton MT; UCSF Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Study Project. Spetzler-Martin Grade III arteriovenous malformations: surgical results and a modification of the grading scale. Neurosurgery. 2003 Apr;52(4):740-8. Abstract

9. Spetzler RF, Ponce FA. A 3-tier classification of cerebral arteriovenous malformations.: clinical article. J Neurosurg. 2011 Mar;114(3):842-9. Abstract

10. Lawton MT, Kim H, McCulloch CE, et al. A supplementary grading scale for selecting patients with brain arteriovenous malformations for surgery. Neurosurgery. 2010 Apr;66(4):702-13.Full text  Abstract

11. Spears J, Terbrugge KG, Moosavian M, et al. A discriminative prediction model of neurological outcome for patients undergoing surgery of brain arteriovenous malformations. Stroke. 2006 Jun;37(6):1457-64.Full text  Abstract

12. Jiao Y, Lin F, Wu J, et al. A supplementary grading scale combining lesion-to-eloquence distance for predicting surgical outcomes of patients with brain arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg. 2018 Feb;128(2):530-40.Full text  Abstract

13. Lopes DK, Moftakhar R, Straus D, et al. Arteriovenous malformation embocure score: AVMES. J Neurointerv Surg. 2016 Jul;8(7):685-91. Abstract

14. Taeshineetanakul P, Krings T, Geibprasert S, et al. Angioarchitecture determines obliteration rate after radiosurgery in brain arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery. 2012 Dec;71(6):1071-8. Abstract

15. Pollock BE, Flickinger JC. Modification of the radiosurgery-based arteriovenous malformation grading system. Neurosurgery. 2008 Aug;63(2):239-43. Abstract

16. Starke RM, Yen CP, Ding D, et al. A practical grading scale for predicting outcome after radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations: analysis of 1012 treated patients. J Neurosurg. 2013 Oct;119(4):981-7. Abstract

17. Al-Shahi R, Fang JS, Lewis SC, et al. Prevalence of adults with brain arteriovenous malformations: a community based study in Scotland using capture-recapture analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002 Nov;73(5):547-51.Full text  Abstract

18. Al-Shahi R, Bhattacharya JJ, Currie DG, et al. Prospective, population-based detection of intracranial vascular malformations in adults: the Scottish Intracranial Vascular Malformation Study (SIVMS). Stroke. 2003 May;34(5):1163-9.Full text  Abstract

19. Stapf C, Mast H, Sciacca RR, et al. The New York Islands AVM Study: design, study progress, and initial results. Stroke. 2003 May;34(5):e29-33.Full text  Abstract

20. Tranvinh E, Heit JJ, Hacein-Bey L, et al. Contemporary imaging of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2017 Jun;208(6):1320-30.Full text  Abstract

21. Toffol GJ, Biller J, Adams HP Jr. Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in young adults. Arch Neurol. 1987 May;44(5):483-5. Abstract

22. Stapf C, Mast H, Sciacca RR, et al. Predictors of hemorrhage in patients with untreated brain arteriovenous malformation. Neurology. 2006 May 9;66(9):1350-5. Abstract

23. Ondra SL, Troupp H, George ED, et al. The natural history of symptomatic arteriovenous malformations of the brain: a 24-year follow-up. J Neurosurg. 1990 Sep;73(3):387-91. Abstract

24. Kim H, Sidney S, McCulloch CE, et al. Racial/ethnic differences in longitudinal risk of intracranial hemorrhage in brain arteriovenous malformation patients. Stroke. 2007 Sep;38(9):2430-7.Full text  Abstract

25. Ferro JM. Update on intracerebral haemorrhage. J Neurol. 2006 Aug;253(8):985-99. Abstract

26. Moftakhar P, Hauptman JS, Malkasian D, et al. Cerebral arteriovenous malformations: part 1: cellular and molecular biology. Neurosurg Focus. 2009 May;26(5):E10.Full text  Abstract

27. Moftakhar P, Hauptman JS, Malkasian D, et al. Cerebral arteriovenous malformations: part 2: physiology. Neurosurg Focus. 2009 May;26(5):E11. Abstract

28. Spetzler RF, Wilson CB, Weinstein P, et al. Normal perfusion pressure breakthrough theory. Clin Neurosurg. 1978;25:651-72. Abstract

29. Kader A, Young WL. The effects of intracranial arteriovenous malformations on cerebral hemodynamics. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 1996 Oct;7(4):767-81. Abstract

30. HashimotoT, Young WL. Anesthesia related considerations for cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurg Focus. 2001 Nov 15;11(5):e5. Abstract

31. Mast H, Mohr JP, Osipov A, et al. 'Steal' is an unestablished mechanism for the clinical presentation of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Stroke. 1995 Jul;26(7):1215-20. Abstract

32. Yokoyama K, Asano Y, Murakawa T, et al. Familial occurrence of arteriovenous malformation of the brain. J Neurosurg. 1991 Apr;74(4):585-9. Abstract

33. Brinjikji W, Iyer VN, Wood CP, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of brain arteriovenous malformations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurosurg. 2017 Aug;127(2):302-10.Full text  Abstract

34. Hernesniemi JA, Dashti R, Juvela S, et al. Natural history of brain arteriovenous malformations: a long-term follow-up study of risk of hemorrhage in 238 patients. Neurosurgery. 2008 Nov;63(5):823-9. Abstract

35. Mast H, Young WL, Koennecke HC, et al. Risk of spontaneous haemorrhage after diagnosis of cerebral arteriovenous malformation. Lancet. 1997 Oct 11;350(9084):1065-8. Abstract

36. Wedderburn CJ, van Beijnum J, Bhattacharya JJ, et al. Outcome after interventional or conservative management of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformation: a prospective, population-based cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 2008 Mar;7(3):223-30. Abstract

37. Kaku DA, Lowenstein DH. Emergence of recreational drug abuse as a major risk factor for stroke in young adults. Ann Intern Med. 1990 Dec 1;113(11):821-7. Abstract

38. McEvoy AW, Kitchen ND, Thomas DG. Intracerebral haemorrhage and drug abuse in young adults. Br J Neurosurg. 2000 Oct;14(5):449-54. Abstract

39. Wilkins RH. Natural history of intracranial vascular malformations: a review. Neurosurgery. 1985 Mar;16(3):421-30. Abstract

40. Spetzler RF, Hargraves RW, McCormick PW, et al. Relationship of perfusion pressure and size to risk of hemorrhage from arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg. 1992 Jun;76(6):918-23. Abstract

41. Arnaout OM, Gross BA, Eddleman CS, et al. Posterior fossa arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurg Focus. 2009 May;26(5):E12.Full text  Abstract

42. Perret G, Nishioka H. An analysis of 545 cases of cranio-cerebral arteriovenous malformations and fistulae reported to the Cooperative Study. J Neurosurg. 1966 Oct;25(4):467-90. Abstract

43. Horton JC, Chambers WA, Lyons SL, et al. Pregnancy and the risk of hemorrhage from cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery. 1990 Dec;27(6):867-71. Abstract

44. Forster DM, Kunkler IH, Hartland P. Risk of cerebral bleeding from arteriovenous malformations in pregnancy: the Sheffield experience. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 1993;61 Suppl 1:20-2. Abstract

45. Greenberg SM, Ziai WC, Cordonnier C, et al. 2022 Guideline for the management of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2022 Jul;53(7):e282-361.Full text  Abstract

46. Ozpinar A, Mendez G, Abla AA. Epidemiology, genetics, pathophysiology, and prognostic classifications of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Handb Clin Neurol. 2017;143:5-13. Abstract

47. Osborn AG, ed. Diagnostic neuroradiology. St Louis, MO: Mosby; 1994.

48. Riina HA, Gobin YP. Grading and surgical planning for intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurg Focus. 2001 Nov 15;11(5):e3. Abstract

49. Gross BA, Frerichs KU, Du R. Sensitivity of CT angiography, T2-weighted MRI, and magnetic resonance angiography in detecting cerebral arteriovenous malformations and associated aneurysms. J Clin Neurosci. 2012 Aug;19(8):1093-5. Abstract

50. Andreou A, Ioannidis I, Lalloo S, et al. Endovascular treatment of intracranial microarteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg. 2008 Dec;109(6):1091-7. Abstract

51. Zhu XL, Chan MS, Poon WS. Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage: which patients need diagnostic cerebral angiography? A prospective study of 206 cases and review of the literature. Stroke. 1997 Jul;28(7):1406-9.Full text  Abstract

52. Bambakidis NC, Sunshine JL, Faulhaber PF, et al. Functional evaluation of arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurg Focus. 2001 Nov 15;11(5):e2. Abstract

53. Lazar RM, Marshall RS, Pile-Spellman J, et al. Anterior translocation of language in patients with left cerebral arteriovenous malformation. Neurology. 1997 Sep;49(3):802-8. Abstract

54. Lazar RM. Neuropsychological function and brain arteriovenous malformations: redefining eloquence as a risk for treatment. Neurosurg Focus. 2001 Nov 15;11(5):e4. Abstract

55. Willinsky RA, Taylor SM, TerBrugge K, et al. Neurologic complications of cerebral angiography: prospective analysis of 2,899 procedures and review of the literature. Radiology. 2003 May;227(2):522-8. Abstract

56. Cloft HJ, Joseph GJ, Dion JE. Risk of cerebral angiography in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral aneurysm, and arteriovenous malformation: a meta-analysis. Stroke. 1999 Feb;30(2):317-20.Full text  Abstract

57. Chandran A, Radon M, Biswas S, et al. Novel use of 4D-CTA in imaging of intranidal aneurysms in an acutely ruptured arteriovenous malformation: is this the way forward? J Neurointerv Surg. 2016 Sep;8(9):e36. Abstract

58. Faughnan ME, Mager JJ, Hetts SW, et al. Second international guidelines for the diagnosis and management of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Ann Intern Med. 2020 Dec 15;173(12):989-1001.Full text  Abstract

59. Derdeyn CP, Zipfel GJ, Albuquerque FC, et al. Management of brain arteriovenous malformations: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2017 Aug;48(8):e200-24. Abstract

60. Cenzato M, Boccardi E, Beghi E, et al. European consensus conference on unruptured brain AVMs treatment (supported by EANS, ESMINT, EGKS, and SINCH). Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2017 Jun;159(6):1059-64. Abstract

61. Wang M, Jiao Y, Zeng C, et al. Chinese Cerebrovascular Neurosurgery Society and Chinese Interventional & Hybrid Operation Society, of Chinese Stroke Association clinical practice guidelines for management of brain arteriovenous malformations in eloquent areas. Front Neurol. 2021;12:651663.Full text  Abstract

62. Douglas JG, Goodkin R. Treatment of arteriovenous malformations using gamma knife surgery: the experience at the University of Washington from 2000 to 2005. J Neurosurg. 2008 Dec;109 Suppl:51-6. Abstract

63. Graffeo CS, Sahgal A, De Salles A, et al. Stereotactic radiosurgery for Spetzler-Martin grade I and II arteriovenous malformations: International Society of Stereotactic Radiosurgery (ISRS) practice guideline. Neurosurgery. 2020 Sep 1;87(3):442-52.Full text  Abstract

64. Sirin S, Kondziolka D, Niranjan A, et al. Prospective staged volume radiosurgery for large arteriovenous malformations: indications and outcomes in otherwise untreatable patients. Neurosurgery. 2008 Feb;62 Suppl 2:744-54. Abstract

65. Nagy G, Grainger A, Hodgson TJ, et al. Staged-volume radiosurgery of large arteriovenous malformations improves outcome by reducing the rate of adverse radiation effects. Neurosurgery. 2017 Feb 1;80(2):180-92. Abstract

66. Choudhri O, Ivan ME, Lawton MT. Transvenous approach to intracranial arteriovenous malformations: challenging the axioms of arteriovenous malformation therapy? Neurosurgery. 2015 Oct;77(4):644-51. Abstract

67. van Rooij WJ, Sluzewski M, Beute GN. Brain AVM embolization with Onyx. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2007 Jan;28(1):172-7.Full text  Abstract

68. Leyon JJ, Chavda S, Thomas A, et al. Preliminary experience with the liquid embolic material agent PHIL (precipitating hydrophobic injectable liquid) in treating cranial and spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: technical note. J Neurointerv Surg. 2015 Jun;8(6):596-602. Abstract

69. Akmangit I, Daglioglu E, Kaya T, et al. Preliminary experience with squid: a new liquid embolizing agent for AVM, AV fistulas and tumors. Turk Neurosurg. 2014;24(4):565-70.Full text  Abstract

70. Potts MB, Zumofen DW, Raz E, et al. Curing arteriovenous malformations using embolization. Neurosurg Focus. 2014 Sep;37(3):E19.Full text  Abstract

71. Russell D, Peck T, Ding D, et al. Stereotactic radiosurgery alone or combined with embolization for brain arteriovenous malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurosurg. 2017 May;128(5):1338-48. Abstract

72. Xu F, Zhong J, Ray A, et al. Stereotactic radiosurgery with and without embolization for intracranial arteriovenous malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Focus. 2014 Sep;37(3):E16.Full text  Abstract

73. Zhu D, Li Z, Zhang Y, et al. Gamma knife surgery with and without embolization for cerebral arteriovenous malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci. 2018 Oct;56:67-73. Abstract

74. Pop R, Mertz L, Ilyes A, et al. Beam hardening artifacts of liquid embolic agents: comparison between Squid and Onyx. J Neurointerv Surg. 2018 Dec 19 [Epub ahead of print]. Abstract

75. Saatci I, Cekirge HS, Ciceri EF, et al. CT and MR imaging findings and their implications in the follow-up of patients with intracranial aneurysms treated with endosaccular occlusion with onyx. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2003 Apr;24(4):567-78.Full text  Abstract

76. Shtraus N, Schifter D, Corn BW, et al. Radiosurgical treatment planning of AVM following embolization with Onyx: possible dosage error in treatment planning can be averted. J Neurooncol. 2010 Jun;98(2):271-6. Abstract

77. Bauer AM, Bain MD, Rasmussen PA. Onyx resorbtion with AVM recanalization after complete AVM obliteration. Interv Neuroradiol. 2015 Jun;21(3):351-6.Full text  Abstract

78. Natarajan SK, Ghodke B, Britz GW, et al. Multimodality treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations with microsurgery after embolization with onyx: single-center experience and technical nuances. Neurosurgery. 2008 Jun;62(6):1213-25. Abstract

79. Ellis JA, Lavine SD. Role of embolization for cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J. 2014 Oct-Dec;10(4):234-9.Full text  Abstract

80. Crowley RW, Ducruet AF, McDougall CG, et al. Endovascular advances for brain arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery. 2014 Feb;74 Suppl 1:S74-82.Full text  Abstract

81. Rubin BA, Brunswick A, Riina H, et al. Advances in radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations of the brain. Neurosurgery. 2014 Feb;74 Suppl 1:S50-9.Full text  Abstract

82. Iyer A, D'souza M, Steinberg GK. Embolization before stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg Sci. 2018 Aug;62(4):514-8. Abstract

83. Zuurbier SM, Al-Shahi Salman R. Interventions for treating brain arteriovenous malformations in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Sep 10;9(9):CD003436.Full text  Abstract

84. Mohr JP, Parides MK, Stapf C, et al. Medical management with or without interventional therapy for unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (ARUBA): a multicentre, non-blinded, randomised trial. Lancet. 2014 Feb 15;383(9917):614-21.Full text  Abstract

85. Mohr JP, Overbey JR, Hartmann A, et al. Medical management with interventional therapy versus medical management alone for unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (ARUBA): final follow-up of a multicentre, non-blinded, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2020 Jul;19(7):573-81. Abstract

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87. US National Library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02098252. Treatment of brain AVMs (TOBAS) study (TOBAS). Jun 2022 [internet publication].Full text

88. Guo Y, Saunders T, Su H, et al; University of California, San Francisco Brain Arteriovenous Malformation (UCSF bAVM) Study Project. Silent intralesional microhemorrhage as a risk factor for brain arteriovenous malformation rupture. Stroke. 2012 May;43(5):1240-6.Full text  Abstract

89. Abla AA, Nelson J, Kim H, et al. Silent arteriovenous malformation hemorrhage and the recognition of "unruptured" arteriovenous malformation patients who benefit from surgical intervention. Neurosurgery. 2015 May;76(5):592-600.Full text  Abstract

90. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Intrapartum care for women with existing medical conditions or obstetric complications and their babies. Apr 2019 [internet publication].Full text

91. Graffeo CS, Sahgal A, De Salles A, et al. Stereotactic radiosurgery for Spetzler-Martin grade I and II arteriovenous malformations: International Society of Stereotactic Radiosurgery (ISRS) practice guideline. Neurosurgery. 2020 Sep 1;87(3):442-52.Full text  Abstract

92. Choi JH, Mast H, Sciacca RR, et al. Clinical outcome after first and recurrent hemorrhage in patients with untreated brain arteriovenous malformation. Stroke. 2006 May;37(5):1243-7.Full text  Abstract

93. Hartmann A, Mast H, Mohr JP, et al. Morbidity of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformation. Stroke. 1998 May;29(5):931-4.Full text  Abstract

94. Wang JY, Yang W, Ye X, et al. Impact on seizure control of surgical resection or radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery. 2013 Oct;73(4):648-55. Abstract

95. Chen CJ, Chivukula S, Ding D, et al. Seizure outcomes following radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurg Focus. 2014 Sep;37(3):E17.Full text  Abstract

96. Ilyas A, Chen CJ, Ding D, et al. Volume-staged versus dose-staged stereotactic radiosurgery outcomes for large brain arteriovenous malformations: a systematic review. J Neurosurg. 2018 Jan;128(1):154-64. Abstract

97. Perrini P, Scollato A, Cellerini M, et al. Results of surgical and endovascular treatment of intracranial micro-arteriovenous malformations with emphasis on superselective angiography. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2004 Aug;146(8):755-66. Abstract