Cervical cancer screening

Fontham ETH, Wolf AMD, Church TR, et al. Cervical cancer screening for individuals at average risk: 2020 guideline update from the American Cancer Society. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020 Sep;70(5):321-46.Full text  Abstract

Sawaya GF, Kulasingam S, Denberg TD, et al. Cervical cancer screening in average-risk women: best practice advice from the clinical guidelines committee of the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162:851-9.Full text  Abstract

US Preventive Services Task Force., Curry SJ, Krist AH, et al. Screening for cervical cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2018 Aug 21;320(7):674-86.Full text  Abstract

1. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Updated cervical cancer screening guidelines. Apr 2021 [internet publication].Full text

2. Perkins RB, Guido RS, Castle PE, et al. 2019 ASCCP risk-based management consensus guidelines for abnormal cervical cancer screening tests and cancer precursors. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2020 Apr;24(2):102-31.Full text  Abstract

3. Fontham ETH, Wolf AMD, Church TR, et al. Cervical cancer screening for individuals at average risk: 2020 guideline update from the American Cancer Society. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020 Sep;70(5):321-46.Full text  Abstract

4. Sawaya GF, Kulasingam S, Denberg TD, et al. Cervical cancer screening in average-risk women: best practice advice from the clinical guidelines committee of the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162:851-9.Full text  Abstract

5. US Preventive Services Task Force., Curry SJ, Krist AH, et al. Screening for cervical cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2018 Aug 21;320(7):674-86.Full text  Abstract

6. Wright TC Jr. Cervical cancer screening in the 21st century: is it time to retire the PAP smear? Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2007;50:313-323. Abstract

7. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Wagle NS, et al. Cancer statistics, 2023. CA Cancer J Clin. 2023 Jan;73(1):17-48.Full text  Abstract

8. Anderson MC. Female reproductive system. Systemic pathology, vol 6, 3rd ed. London, UK: Churchill Livingston; 1991.

9. Walton RJ, Blanchet M, Boyes DA, et al. Cervical cancer screening programs: I. Epidemiology and natural history of carcinoma of the cervix. Can Med Assoc J. 1976;114:1003-1012.Full text  Abstract

10. Clarke EA, Anderson TW. Does screening by "Pap" smears help prevent cervical cancer? A case-control study. Lancet. 1979;2:1-4. Abstract

11. Bergstrom R, Sparen P, Adami HO. Trends in cancer of the cervix uteri in Sweden following cytological screening. Br J Cancer. 1999;81:159-166.Full text  Abstract

12. Benard VB, Jackson JE, Greek A, et al. A population study of screening history and diagnostic outcomes of women with invasive cervical cancer. Cancer Med. 2021 Jun;10(12):4127-37.Full text  Abstract

13. Vooijs GP, van der Graaf Y, Elias AG. Cellular composition of cervical smears in relation to the day of the menstrual cycle and the method of contraception. Acta Cytol. 1987 Jul-Aug;31(4):417-26.Full text  Abstract

14. Smith AE, Sherman ME, Scott DR, et al. Review of the Bethesda System atlas does not improve reproducibility or accuracy in the classification of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance smears. Cancer Cytopathol. 2000;90:201-206.Full text  Abstract

15. Quddus MR, Sung CJ, Steinhoff MM, et al. Atypical squamous metaplastic cells: reproducibility, outcome, and diagnostic features on ThinPrep Pap test. Cancer Cytopathol. 2001;93:16-22.Full text  Abstract

16. Arbyn M, Bergeron C, Klinkhamer P, et al. Liquid compared with conventional cervical cytology: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;111:167-177. Abstract

17. Kulasingam SL, Hughes JP, Kiviat NB, et al. Evaluation of human papillomavirus testing in primary screening for cervical abnormalities: comparison of sensitivity, specificity, and frequency of referral. JAMA. 2002;288:1749-1757.Full text  Abstract

18. Coste J, Cochand-Priollet B, de Cremoux P, et al. Cross sectional study of conventional cervical smear, monolayer cytology, and human papillomavirus DNA testing for cervical cancer screening. BMJ. 2003;326:733.Full text  Abstract

19. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Updated guidelines for management of cervical cancer screening abnormalities. Oct 2020 [internet publication].Full text

20. Solomon D, Davey D, Kurman R, et al. The 2001 Bethesda System: terminology for reporting results of cervical cytology. JAMA. 2002;287:2114-2119. Abstract

21. Schlecht NF, Platt RW, Duarte-Franco E, et al. Human papillomavirus infection and time to progression and regression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003;95:1336-1343.Full text  Abstract

22. Melnikow J, Nuovo J, Willan AR, et al. Natural history of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions: a meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 1998;92:727-735. Abstract

23. Arbyn M, Buntinx F, Van Ranst M, et al. Virologic versus cytologic triage of women with equivocal Pap smears: a meta-analysis of the accuracy to detect high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96:280-293.Full text  Abstract

24. Holschneider CH. Human papillomavirus and the management of the abnormal Pap test. In: Gibbs RS, Karlan BY, Haney AF, et al, eds. Danforth's obstetrics and gynecology. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008:989-1001.

25. Insinga RP, Liaw KL, Johnson LG, et al. A systematic review of the prevalence and attribution of human papillomavirus types among cervical, vaginal, and vulvar precancers and cancers in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008;17:1611-1622.Full text  Abstract

26. Muñoz N, Bosch FX, de Sanjosé S, et al. Epidemiologic classification of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003 Feb 6;348(6):518-27.Full text  Abstract

27. Cuzick J, Beverly E, Ho L, et al. HPV testing in primary screening of older women. Br J Cancer. 1999;81:554-558.Full text  Abstract

28. Khan MJ, Castle PE, Lorincz AT, et al. The elevated 10-year risk of cervical precancer and cancer in women with human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 or 18 and the possible utility of type-specific HPV testing in clinical practice. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97:1072-9.Full text  Abstract

29. Sankaranarayanan R, Nene BM, Shastri SS, et al. HPV screening for cervical cancer in rural India. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1385-94.Full text  Abstract

30. World Health Organization. self-care interventions for health and well-being​. 2022 [internet publication].Full text

31. ASCUS-LSIL Triage Study (ALTS) Group. Results of a randomized trial on the management of cytology interpretations of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;188:1383-1392. Abstract

32. ASCUS-LSIL Triage Study (ALTS) Group. A randomized trial on the management of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion cytology interpretations. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;188:1393-1400. Abstract

33. Markowitz LE, Hariri S, Lin C, et al. Reduction in human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence among young women following HPV vaccine introduction in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2003-2010. J Infect Dis. 2013 Aug 1;208(3):385-93.Full text  Abstract

34. Hariri S, Johnson ML, Bennett NM, et al. Population-based trends in high-grade cervical lesions in the early human papillomavirus vaccine era in the United States. Cancer. 2015 Aug 15;121(16):2775-81.Full text  Abstract

35. Benard VB, Castle PE, Jenison SA, et al. Population-Based Incidence Rates of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Era. JAMA Oncol. 2017 Jun 1;3(6):833-837.Full text  Abstract

36. Gargano JW, Park IU, Griffin MR, et al. Trends in high-grade cervical lesions and cervical cancer screening in 5 states, 2008-2015. Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Apr 8;68(8):1282-91.Full text  Abstract

37. McClung NM, Gargano JW, Bennett NM, et al. Trends in human papillomavirus vaccine types 16 and 18 in cervical precancers, 2008-2014. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2019 Mar;28(3):602-9.Full text  Abstract

38. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Morbidity and mortality weekly report (MMWR): human papillomavirus vaccination for adults: updated recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices. Aug 2019 [internet publication].Full text

39. Barnabas RV, Brown ER, Onono M, et al. Single-dose HPV vaccination efficacy among adolescent girls and young women in Kenya (the KEN SHE Study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2021 Sep 27;22(1):661.Full text  Abstract

40. Herrero R, Wacholder S, Rodríguez AC, et al. Prevention of persistent human papillomavirus infection by an HPV16/18 vaccine: a community-based randomized clinical trial in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Cancer Discov. 2011 Oct;1(5):408-19.Full text  Abstract

41. Basu P, Malvi SG, Joshi S, et al. Vaccine efficacy against persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 infection at 10 years after one, two, and three doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine in girls in India: a multicentre, prospective, cohort study. Lancet Oncol. 2021 Nov;22(11):1518-29.Full text  Abstract

42. World Health Organization. Electronic address: sageexecsec@who.int. Human papillomavirus vaccines: WHO position paper, May 2017-Recommendations. Vaccine. 2017 Oct 13;35(43):5753-5.Full text  Abstract

43. Bergman H, Buckley BS, Villanueva G, et al. Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of HPV-related disease in females and males. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Nov 22;2019(11).Full text  Abstract

44. Restrepo J, Herrera T, Samakoses R, et al. Ten-year follow-up of 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine: immunogenicity, effectiveness, and safety. Pediatrics. 2023 Oct 1;152(4).Full text  Abstract

45. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices child and adolescent immunization schedule by age: recommendations for ages 18 years or younger - United States, 2024. Nov 2023 [internet publication].Full text

46. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices adult immunization schedule by age: recommendations for ages 19 years or older - United States, 2024. Nov 2023 [internet publication].Full text

47. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Committee opinion no.809: human papillomavirus vaccination. Aug 2020 [internet publication].Full text

48. Meites E, Szilagyi PG, Chesson HW, et al. Human papillomavirus vaccination for adults: updated recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019;68:698–702.Full text

49. Szurkus DC, Harrison TA. Loop excision for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion on cytology: correlation with colposcopic and histologic findings. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;188:1180-1182. Abstract

50. World Health Organization. WHO guideline for screening and treatment of cervical pre-cancer lesions for cervical cancer prevention, second edition. Jul 2021 [internet publication].Full text