Dystonias

Movement disorder characterised by sustained involuntary muscle contractions and abnormal postures of the trunk, neck, face, or extremities.

The involuntary movements are associated with simultaneous contraction of agonist and antagonist muscles, with unwanted 'overflow' contraction of adjacent muscles.

In some cases, pain in the affected muscles can be a prominent feature.

Dystonia may improve with simple 'sensory tricks' such as lightly touching the affected body part (geste antagoniste).

Can be generalised or focal, primary (with no other neurological abnormalities), or secondary to a structural lesion.

Dopa-responsive dystonias, although rare, should always be considered if generalised, as levodopa is dramatically effective in these situations.

Treatment is symptomatic. Agents include anticholinergics, antispasmodics, and botulinum toxin. Deep brain stimulation may be used in severe, refractory cases. Physiotherapy is recommended.

Dystonia is a movement disorder characterised by sustained involuntary contractions of agonist and antagonist muscles, often leading to repetitive twisting movements and abnormal postures of the trunk, neck, face, or extremities. It is often associated with unwanted 'overflow' contraction of adjacent muscles.