Blastomycosis

Thompson GR 3rd, Le T, Chindamporn A, et al. Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of the endemic mycoses: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021 Dec;21(12):e364-e374. Abstract

Limper AH, Knox KS, Sarosi GA, et al. American Thoracic Society Fungal Working Group. An official American Thoracic Society statement: treatment of fungal infections in adult pulmonary and critical care patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011 Jan 1;183(1):96-128. Abstract

1. Castillo CG, Kauffman CA, Miceli MH. Blastomycosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2016 Mar;30(1):247-64. Abstract

2. Thompson GR 3rd, Le T, Chindamporn A, et al. Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of the endemic mycoses: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021 Dec;21(12):e364-e374. Abstract

3. Wheat LJ. Antigen detection, serology, and molecular diagnosis of invasive mycoses in the immunocompromised host. Transpl Infect Dis. 2006 Sep;8(3):128-39. Abstract

4. Linder KA, Kauffman CA, Miceli MH. Blastomycosis: a review of mycological and clinical aspects. J Fungi (Basel). 2023 Jan 14;9(1):117.Full text  Abstract

5. McBride JA, Gauthier GM, Klein BS. Clinical manifestations and treatment of blastomycosis. Clin Chest Med. 2017 Sep;38(3):435-49.Full text  Abstract

6. Schwartz IS, Muñoz JF, Kenyon CR, et al. Blastomycosis in Africa and the Middle East: a comprehensive review of reported cases and reanalysis of historical isolates based on molecular data. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Oct 5;73(7):e1560-9.Full text  Abstract

7. Yamely RV, Andrés​ SV, María CVA, et al. Cutaneous and pulmonary blastomycosis infection: a case report. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology. 2021 Jul;132(1):E38-9.Full text  Abstract

8. Klein BS, Davis JP. A laboratory based surveillance of human blastomycosis in Wisconsin between 1973 and 1982. Am J Epidemiol. 1985 Nov;122(5):897-903. Abstract

9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Surveillance for Coccidioidomycosis, Histoplasmosis, and Blastomycosis - United States, 2019​. Aug 2022 [internet publication].Full text

10. Mazi PB, Sahrmann JM, Olsen MA, et al. The geographic distribution of dimorphic mycoses in the United States for the modern era. Clin Infect Dis. 2023 Apr 3;76(7):1295-301.Full text  Abstract

11. McDonald R, Dufort E, Jackson BR, et al. Notes from the field: Blastomycosis cases occurring outside of regions with known endemicity - New York, 2007-2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018 Sep 28;67(38):1077-1078.Full text  Abstract

12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Using insurance claims data to estimate blastomycosis incidence, Vermont, USA, 2011-2020. Feb 2024 [internet publication].Full text

13. Crampton TL, Light RB, Berg GM, et al. Epidemiology and clinical spectrum of blastomycosis diagnosed at Manitoba hospitals. Clin Infect Dis. 2002 May 15;34(10):1310-6. Abstract

14. Morris SK, Brophy J, Richardson SE, et al. Blastomycosis in Ontario, 1994-2003. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006 Feb;12(2):274-9. Abstract

15. Klein BS, Vergeront JM, Davis JP. Epidemiologic aspects of blastomycosis, the enigmatic systemic mycosis. Semin Respir Infect. 1986 Mar;1(1):29-39. Abstract

16. Klein BS, Vergeront JM, DiSalvo AF, et al. Two outbreaks of blastomycosis along rivers in Wisconsin. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987 Dec;136(6):1333-8. Abstract

17. Frean JA, Carman WF, Crew-Browne HH, et al. Blastomyces dermatitidis infections in the RSA. S Afr Med J. 1989 Jul 1;76(1):13-6. Abstract

18. Carman WF, Frean JA, Crew-Browne HH, et al. Blastomycosis in Africa. Mycopathologia. 1989 Jul;107(1):25-32. Abstract

19. Larone D. Medically important fungi, a guide to identification. Herdon, VA: ASM Press; 2018.

20. Baumgardner DJ, Paretsky DP. The in vitro isolation of Blastomyces dermatitidis from a woodpile in north central Wisconsin, USA. Med Mycol. 1999 Jun;37(3):163-8. Abstract

21. Brown EM, McTaggart LR, Zhang SX, et al. Phylogenetic analysis reveals a cryptic species Blastomyces gilchristii, sp. nov. within the human pathogenic fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e59237.Full text  Abstract

22. Dukik K, Muñoz JF, Jiang Y, et al. Novel taxa of thermally dimorphic systemic pathogens in the Ajellomycetaceae (Onygenales). Mycoses. 2017 May;60(5):296-309. Abstract

23. Bradsher RW, Chapman SW, Pappas PG. Blastomycosis. Infect Dis Clin N Am. 2003 Mar;17(1):21-40, vii. Abstract

24. Gray N, Baddour L. Cutaneous inoculation blastomycosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2002 May 15;34(10):E44-9. Abstract

25. Vaaler AK, Bradsher RW, Davies SF. Evidence of subclinical blastomycosis in forestry workers in northern Minnesota and northern Wisconsin. Am J Med. 1990 Oct;89(4):470-6. Abstract

26. Habte-Gabr E, Smith IM. North American blastomycosis in Iowa: review of 34 cases. J Chronic Dis. 1973 Sep;26(9):585-94. Abstract

27. Lowry PW, Kelso KY, McFarland LM. Blastomycosis in Washington, Parish, Louisiana, 1976-1985. Am J Epidemiol. 1989 Jul;130(1):151-9. Abstract

28. Frye MD, Seifer FD. An outbreak of blastomycosis in eastern Tennessee. Mycopathologia. 1991 Oct;116(1):15-21. Abstract

29. Gauthier GM, Safdar N, Klein BS, et al. Blastomycosis in solid organ transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis. 2007 Dec;9(4):310-7. Abstract

30. Smith DJ, Free RJ, Thompson GR 3rd, et al. Clinical testing guidance for coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis in patients with community-acquired pneumonia for primary and urgent care providers. Clin Infect Dis. 2024 Jun 14;78(6):1559-63.Full text  Abstract

31. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Blastomycosis: testing algorithm for blastomycosis. Apr 2024 [internet publication].Full text

32. Linder KA, Kauffman CA. Current and new perspectives in the diagnosis of blastomycosis and histoplasmosis. J Fungi (Basel). 2020 Dec 29;7(1).Full text  Abstract

33. Hage CA, Carmona EM, Epelbaum O, et al. Microbiological Laboratory Testing in the Diagnosis of Fungal Infections in Pulmonary and Critical Care Practice. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Sep 1;200(5):535-50.Full text  Abstract

34. Berger J, Zamora F, Podgaetz E, et al. Usefulness of lymphoid granulomatous inflammation culture obtained by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in a fungal endemic area. Endosc Ultrasound. 2016 Jul-Aug;5(4):243-7.Full text  Abstract

35. Taxy JB. Blastomycosis: contributions of morphology to diagnosis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007 Apr;31(4):615-23. Abstract

36. Mazi PB, Rauseo AM, Spec A. Blastomycosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2021 Jun;35(2):515-30.Full text  Abstract

37. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Blastomycosis: clinical overview of blastomycosis​. Apr 2024 [internet publication].Full text

38. Babady NE, Buckwalter SP, Hall L, et al. Detection of Blastomyces dermatitidis and Histoplasma capsulatum from culture isolates and clinical specimens by use of real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 2011 Sep;49(9):3204-8. Abstract

39. Sidamonidze K, Peck MK, Perez M, et al. Real-time PCR assay for identification of Blastomyces dermatitidis in culture and in tissue. J Clin Microbiol. 2012 May;50(5):1783-6. Abstract

40. Frost HM, Novicki TJ. Blastomyces antigen detection for diagnosis and management of blastomycosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2015 Nov;53(11):3660-2.Full text  Abstract

41. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group. Treatment of blastomycosis and histoplasmosis with ketoconazole. Ann Intern Med. 1985 Dec;103(6 (Pt 1)):861-72. Abstract

42. Dismukes WE, Bradsher RW Jr, Cloud GC, et al. Itraconazole therapy for blastomycosis and histoplasmosis. NIAID Mycoses Study Group. Am J Med. 1992 Nov;93(5):489-97. Abstract

43. Pappas PG, Bradsher RW, Chapman SW, et al. Treatment of blastomycosis with fluconazole: a pilot study. Clin Infect Dis. 1995 Feb;20(2):267-71. Abstract

44. Ta M, Flowers SA, Rogers PD. The role of voriconazole in the treatment of central nervous system blastomycosis. Ann Pharmacother. 2009 Oct;43(10):1696-700. Abstract

45. Freifeld A, Proia L, Andes D, et al. Voriconazole use for endemic fungal infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Apr;53(4):1648-51. Abstract

46. Bariola JR, Perry P, Pappas PG, et al. Blastomycosis of the central nervous system: a multicenter review of diagnosis and treatment in the modern era. Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Mar 15;50(6):797-804. Abstract

47. Yamazaki T, Inagaki Y, Fujii T, et al. In vitro activity of isavuconazole against 140 reference fungal strains and 165 clinically isolated yeasts from Japan. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2010 Oct;36(4):324-31. Abstract

48. Thompson GR 3rd, Rendon A, Ribeiro Dos Santos R, et al. Isavuconazole treatment of cryptococcosis and dimorphic mycoses. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Aug 1;63(3):356-62.Full text  Abstract

49. Scolarici MJ, King C, Sterkel A, et al. The role of Isavuconazonium Sulphate for the treatment of blastomycosis: a case series and antifungal susceptibility. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022 Jul;9(7):ofac220.Full text  Abstract

50. Miller R, Assi M, AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Endemic fungal infections in solid organ transplant recipients-Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Clin Transplant. 2019 Sep;33(9):e13553. Abstract

51. Limper AH, Knox KS, Sarosi GA, et al. American Thoracic Society Fungal Working Group. An official American Thoracic Society statement: treatment of fungal infections in adult pulmonary and critical care patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011 Jan 1;183(1):96-128. Abstract

52. Carignan A, Denis M, Abou Chakra CN. Mortality associated with Blastomyces dermatitidis infection: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Med Mycol. 2020 Jan 1;58(1):1-10.Full text  Abstract

53. Hope WW, Billaud EM, Lestner J, et al. Therapeutic drug monitoring for triazoles. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2008 Dec;21(6):580-6. Abstract