Sarcoidosis

American Thoracic Society. Statement on sarcoidosis. Joint Statement of the American Thoracic Society (ATS), the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the World Association of Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disorders (WASOG) adopted by the ATS Board of Directors and by the ERS Executive Committee, February 1999. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 Aug;160(2):736-55.Texto completo  Resumo

Thillai M, Atkins CP, Crawshaw A, et al. BTS clinical statement on pulmonary sarcoidosis. Thorax. 2021 Jan;76(1):4-20.Texto completo  Resumo

Crouser ED, Maier LA, Wilson KC, et al. Diagnosis and detection of sarcoidosis. An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 Apr 15;201(8):e26-51.Texto completo  Resumo

Cheng RK, Kittleson MM, Beavers CJ, et al. Diagnosis and management of cardiac sarcoidosis: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024 May 21;149(21):e1197-216.Texto completo  Resumo

Baughman RP, Valeyre D, Korsten P, et al. ERS clinical practice guidelines on treatment of sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J. 2021 Dec;58(6):2004079.Texto completo  Resumo

1. Belperio JA, Shaikh F, Abtin FG, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary sarcoidosis: a review. JAMA. 2022 Mar 1;327(9):856-67. Resumo

2. Ungprasert P, Ryu JH, Matteson EL. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of sarcoidosis. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2019 Sep;3(3):358-75.Texto completo  Resumo

3. Kouranos V, Sharma R. Cardiac sarcoidosis: state-of-the-art review. Heart. 2021 Oct;107(19):1591-9. Resumo

4. Birnie DH, Kandolin R, Nery PB, et al. Cardiac manifestations of sarcoidosis: diagnosis and management. Eur Heart J. 2017 Sep 14;38(35):2663-70. Resumo

5. Lacomis D. Neurosarcoidosis. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2011 Sep;9(3):429-36.Texto completo  Resumo

6. Hilderson I, Van Laecke S, Wauters A, et al. Treatment of renal sarcoidosis: is there a guideline? Overview of the different treatment options. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2014 Oct;29(10):1841-7.Texto completo  Resumo

7. Siltzbach LE, James DG, Neville E, et al. Course and prognosis of sarcoidosis around the world. Am J Med. 1974 Dec;57(6):847-52.Texto completo  Resumo

8. Grunewald J, Grutters JC, Arkema EV, et al. Sarcoidosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019 Jul 4;5(1):45. Resumo

9. Arkema EV, Cozier YC. Sarcoidosis epidemiology: recent estimates of incidence, prevalence and risk factors. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2020 Sep;26(5):527-34.Texto completo  Resumo

10. Yoon HY, Kim HM, Kim YJ, et al. Prevalence and incidence of sarcoidosis in Korea: a nationwide population-based study. Respir Res. 2018 Aug 28;19(1):158.Texto completo  Resumo

11. Baughman RP, Field S, Costabel U, et al. Sarcoidosis in America. Analysis based on health care use. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016 Aug;13(8):1244-52.Texto completo  Resumo

12. Drent M, Crouser ED, Grunewald J. Challenges of sarcoidosis and Its management. N Engl J Med. 2021 Sep 9;385(11):1018-32. Resumo

13. Arkema EV, Cozier YC. Epidemiology of sarcoidosis: current findings and future directions. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2018 Nov;9(11):227-40.Texto completo  Resumo

14. American Thoracic Society. Statement on sarcoidosis. Joint Statement of the American Thoracic Society (ATS), the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the World Association of Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disorders (WASOG) adopted by the ATS Board of Directors and by the ERS Executive Committee, February 1999. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 Aug;160(2):736-55.Texto completo  Resumo

15. Morimoto T, Azuma A, Abe S, et al. Epidemiology of sarcoidosis in Japan. Eur Respir J. 2008 Feb;31(2):372-9.Texto completo  Resumo

16. Baughman RP, Teirstein AS, Judson MA, et al; Case Control Etiologic Study of Sarcoidosis (ACCESS) research group. Clinical characteristics of patients in a case control study of sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Nov 15;164(10 Pt 1):1885-9.Texto completo  Resumo

17. Starshinova AA, Malkova AM, Basantsova NY, et al. Sarcoidosis as an autoimmune disease. Front Immunol. 2020 Jan 8;10:2933.Texto completo  Resumo

18. Esteves T, Aparicio G, Garcia-Patos V. Is there any association between sarcoidosis and infectious agents?: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pulm Med. 2016 Nov 28;16(1):165.Texto completo  Resumo

19. Rybicki BA, Iannuzzi MC, Frederick MM, et al; ACCESS Research Group. Familial aggregation of sarcoidosis: a case-control etiologic study of sarcoidosis (ACCESS). Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Dec 1;164(11):2085-91.Texto completo  Resumo

20. Rossides M, Grunewald J, Eklund A, et al. Familial aggregation and heritability of sarcoidosis: a Swedish nested case-control study. Eur Respir J. 2018 Aug 16;52(2):1800385.Texto completo  Resumo

21. Sverrild A, Backer V, Kyvik KO, et al. Heredity in sarcoidosis: a registry-based twin study. Thorax. 2008 Oct;63(10):894-6.Texto completo  Resumo

22. Erdal BS, Clymer BD, Yildiz VO, et al. Unexpectedly high prevalence of sarcoidosis in a representative U.S. Metropolitan population. Respir Med. 2012 Jun;106(6):893-9.Texto completo  Resumo

23. British Lung Foundation. Sarcoidosis statistics. 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

24. Lundkvist A, Kullberg S, Arkema EV, et al. Differences in disease presentation between men and women with sarcoidosis: a cohort study. Respir Med. 2022 Jan;191:106688.Texto completo  Resumo

25. Arkema EV, Grunewald J, Kullberg S, et al. Sarcoidosis incidence and prevalence: a nationwide register-based assessment in Sweden. Eur Respir J. 2016 Dec;48(6):1690-9.Texto completo  Resumo

26. Valeyre D, Soler P, Clerici C, et al. Smoking and pulmonary sarcoidosis: effect of cigarette smoking on prevalence, clinical manifestations, alveolitis, and evolution of the disease. Thorax. 1988 Jul;43(7):516-24.Texto completo  Resumo

27. Xu C, Nery PB, Wiefels C, et al. Negative association of smoking history with clinically manifest cardiac sarcoidosis: a case-control study. CJC Open. 2022 Sep;4(9):756-62.Texto completo  Resumo

28. Hena KM. Sarcoidosis epidemiology: race matters. Front Immunol. 2020 Sep 15;11:537382.Texto completo  Resumo

29. Mirsaeidi M, Machado RF, Schraufnagel D, et al. Racial difference in sarcoidosis mortality in the United States. Chest. 2015 Feb;147(2):438-49.Texto completo  Resumo

30. Thillai M, Atkins CP, Crawshaw A, et al. BTS clinical statement on pulmonary sarcoidosis. Thorax. 2021 Jan;76(1):4-20.Texto completo  Resumo

31. Crouser ED, Maier LA, Wilson KC, et al. Diagnosis and detection of sarcoidosis. An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 Apr 15;201(8):e26-51.Texto completo  Resumo

32. Grunewald J, Eklund A. Sex-specific manifestations of Löfgren's syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007 Jan 1;175(1):40-4.Texto completo  Resumo

33. Spiteri MA, Matthey F, Gordon T, et al. Lupus pernio: a clinico-radiological study of thirty-five cases. Br J Dermatol. 1985 Mar;112(3):315-22. Resumo

34. Poate TW, Sharma R, Moutasim KA, et al. Orofacial presentations of sarcoidosis - a case series and review of the literature. Br Dent J. 2008 Oct 25;205(8):437-42.Texto completo  Resumo

35. Pasadhika S, Rosenbaum JT. Ocular sarcoidosis. Clin Chest Med. 2015 Dec;36(4):669-83.Texto completo  Resumo

36. Bechman K, Christidis D, Walsh S, et al. A review of the musculoskeletal manifestations of sarcoidosis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2018 May 1;57(5):777-83.Texto completo  Resumo

37. Sweiss NJ, Patterson K, Sawaqed R, et al. Rheumatologic manifestations of sarcoidosis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2010 Aug;31(4):463-73.Texto completo  Resumo

38. Cheng RK, Kittleson MM, Beavers CJ, et al. Diagnosis and management of cardiac sarcoidosis: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024 May 21;149(21):e1197-216.Texto completo  Resumo

39. Tadros M, Forouhar F, Wu GY. Hepatic sarcoidosis. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2013 Dec;1(2):87-93.Texto completo  Resumo

40. Marchell RM, Judson MA. Cutaneous sarcoidosis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2010 Aug;31(4):442-51. Resumo

41. Rothova A. Ocular involvement in sarcoidosis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2000 Jan;84(1):110-6.Texto completo  Resumo

42. Lynch JP 3rd. Computed tomographic scanning in sarcoidosis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 Aug;24(4):393-418. Resumo

43. von Bartheld MB, Dekkers OM, Szlubowski A, et al. Endosonography vs conventional bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis: the GRANULOMA randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013 Jun 19;309(23):2457-64.Texto completo  Resumo

44. Gupta D, Dadhwal DS, Agarwal R, et al. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration vs conventional transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Chest. 2014 Sep;146(3):547-56. Resumo

45. Varela-Lema L, Fernández-Villar A, Ruano-Ravina A. Effectiveness and safety of endobronchial ultrasound-transbronchial needle aspiration: a systematic review. Eur Respir J. 2009 May;33(5):1156-64.Texto completo  Resumo

46. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration for mediastinal masses. Feb 2008 [internet publication].Texto completo

47. Agarwal R, Srinivasan A, Aggarwal AN, et al. Efficacy and safety of convex probe EBUS-TBNA in sarcoidosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Med. 2012 Jun;106(6):883-92.Texto completo  Resumo

48. Nunes H, Brillet PY, Valeyre D, et al. Imaging in sarcoidosis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2007 Feb;28(1):102-20. Resumo

49. Youssef G, Leung E, Mylonas I, et al. The use of 18F-FDG PET in the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis: a systematic review and metaanalysis including the Ontario experience. J Nucl Med. 2012 Feb;53(2):241-8.Texto completo  Resumo

50. Chareonthaitawee P, Beanlands RS, Chen W, et al. Joint SNMMI-ASNC expert consensus document on the role of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in cardiac sarcoid detection and therapy monitoring. J Nucl Med. 2017 Aug;58(8):1341-53.Texto completo  Resumo

51. Nobuhiro T, Atsuko T, Yoshikazu N, et al. Heterogeneous myocardial FDG uptake and the disease activity in cardiac sarcoidosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010 Dec;3(12):1219-28.Texto completo  Resumo

52. Martineau P, Pelletier-Galarneau M, Juneau D, et al. Imaging cardiac sarcoidosis with FLT-PET compared with FDG/perfusion-PET: a prospective pilot study. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019 Nov;12(11 pt 1):2280-1.Texto completo  Resumo

53. Hotta M, Minamimoto R, Kubota S, et al. 11C-4DST PET/CT imaging of cardiac sarcoidosis: comparison with 18F-FDG and cardiac MRI. Clin Nucl Med. 2018 Jun;43(6):458-9. Resumo

54. de Kleijn WP, De Vries J, Lower EE, et al. Fatigue in sarcoidosis: a systematic review. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2009 Sep;15(5):499-506. Resumo

55. Devine ST, Delgado JA, Lippmann ML. Hemoptysis as an initial presentation in sarcoidosis: How common is it? A review. Clin Pulm Med. 2007 Mar;14(2):76-81.Texto completo

56. Scadding JG. Prognosis of intrathoracic sarcoidosis in England: a review of 136 cases after five years' observation. Br Med J. 1961 Nov 4;2(5261):1165-72.Texto completo  Resumo

57. Hirose Y, Ishida Y, Hayashida K, et al. Myocardial involvement in patients with sarcoidosis. An analysis of 75 patients. Clin Nucl Med. 1994 Jun;19(6):522-6. Resumo

58. The Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand. Do not perform a serum ACE for the diagnosis or monitoring of sarcoidosis. Jun 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

59. Ungprasert P, Carmona EM, Crowson CS, et al. Diagnostic utility of angiotensin-converting enzyme in sarcoidosis: a population-based study. Lung. 2016 Feb;194(1):91-5.Texto completo  Resumo

60. Murdoch J, Muller NL. Pulmonary sarcoidosis: changes on follow-up CT examination. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1992 Sep;159(3):473-7.Texto completo  Resumo

61. Sharma OP. Vitamin D, calcium, and sarcoidosis. Chest. 1996 Feb;109(2):535-9. Resumo

62. Minamimoto R, Hotta M, Hiroe M, et al. Proliferation imaging with (11)C-4DST PET/CT for the evaluation of cardiac sarcoidosis, compared with FDG-PET/CT given a long fasting preparation protocol. J Nucl Cardiol. 2021 Apr;28(2):752-5. Resumo

63. Kennedy CC, Limper AH. Redefining the clinical spectrum of chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis: a retrospective case series of 46 patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 2007 Jul;86(4):252-8.Texto completo  Resumo

64. Meyer KC. Beryllium and lung disease. Chest. 1994 Sep;106(3):942-6. Resumo

65. Fink JN, Ortega HG, Reynolds HY, et al. Needs and opportunities for research in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 Apr 1;171(7):792-8.Texto completo  Resumo

66. Facco M, Trentin L, Nicolardi L, et al. T cells in the lung of patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis accumulate in a clonal manner. J Leukoc Biol. 2004 May;75(5):798-804. Resumo

67. Terasaki F, Azuma A, Anzai T, et al. JCS 2016 guideline on diagnosis and treatment of cardiac sarcoidosis - digest version. Circ J. 2019 Oct 25;83(11):2329-88.Texto completo  Resumo

68. Baughman RP, Valeyre D, Korsten P, et al. ERS clinical practice guidelines on treatment of sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J. 2021 Dec;58(6):2004079.Texto completo  Resumo

69. McKinzie BP, Bullington WM, Mazur JE, et al. Efficacy of short-course, low-dose corticosteroid therapy for acute pulmonary sarcoidosis exacerbations. Am J Med Sci. 2010 Jan;339(1):1-4. Resumo

70. Broos CE, Poell LHC, Looman CWN, et al. No evidence found for an association between prednisone dose and FVC change in newly-treated pulmonary sarcoidosis. Respir Med. 2018 May;138S:S31-7.Texto completo  Resumo

71. Paramothayan NS, Lasserson TJ, Jones P. Corticosteroids for pulmonary sarcoidosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Apr 18;(2):CD001114.Texto completo  Resumo

72. Grutters JC, van den Bosch JM. Corticosteroid treatment in sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J. 2006 Sep;28(3):627-36.Texto completo  Resumo

73. Alberts C, van der Mark TW, Jansen HM; Dutch Study Group on Pulmonary Sarcoidosis. Inhaled budesonide in pulmonary sarcoidosis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eur Respir J. 1995 May;8(5):682-8.Texto completo  Resumo

74. Milman N, Graudal N, Grode G, et al. No effect of high-dose inhaled steroids in pulmonary sarcoidosis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Intern Med. 1994 Sep;236(3):285-90. Resumo

75. Conron M, Young C, Beynon HL. Calcium metabolism in sarcoidosis and its clinical implications. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2000 Jul;39(7):707-13.Texto completo  Resumo

76. Baughman RP, Drent M, Kavuru M, et al; Sarcoidosis Investigators. Infliximab therapy in patients with chronic sarcoidosis and pulmonary involvement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 Oct 1;174(7):795-802.Texto completo  Resumo

77. Sakkat A, Cox G, Khalidi N, et al. Infliximab therapy in refractory sarcoidosis: a multicenter real-world analysis. Respir Res. 2022 Mar 9;23(1):54.Texto completo  Resumo

78. Baughman RP, Judson MA, Lower EE, et al; Sarcoidosis Investigators. Infliximab for chronic cutaneous sarcoidosis: a subset analysis from a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2016 Jan 15;32(4):289-95. Resumo

79. Stagaki E, Mountford WK, Lackland DT, et al. The treatment of lupus pernio: results of 116 treatment courses in 54 patients. Chest. 2009 Feb;135(2):468-76. Resumo

80. Harper LJ, McCarthy M, Ribeiro Neto ML, et al. Infliximab for refractory cardiac sarcoidosis. Am J Cardiol. 2019 Nov 15;124(10):1630-5. Resumo

81. Correia FASC, Marchini GS, Torricelli FC, et al. Renal manifestations of sarcoidosis: from accurate diagnosis to specific treatment. Int Braz J Urol. 2020 Jan-Feb;46(1):15-25.Texto completo  Resumo

82. Trulock EP, Edwards LB, Taylor DO, et al. The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: twenty-first official adult lung and heart-lung transplant report - 2004. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2004 Jul;23(7):804-15. Resumo

83. Khatri KA, Chotzen VA, Burrall BA. Lupus pernio: successful treatment with a potent topical corticosteroid. Arch Dermatol. 1995 May;131(5):617-8. Resumo

84. Jones E, Callen JP. Hydroxychloroquine is effective therapy for control of cutaneous sarcoidal granulomas. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990 Sep;23(3 Pt 1):487-9. Resumo

85. Sharma OP, Sharma AM. Sarcoidosis of the nervous system. A clinical approach. Arch Intern Med. 1991 Jul;151(7):1317-21. Resumo

86. Culver DA, Aryal S, Barney J, et al. Efzofitimod for the treatment of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Chest. 2023 Apr;163(4):881-90.Texto completo  Resumo

87. ClinicalTrials.gov. Efficacy and safety of intravenous efzofitimod in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis.​ ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05415137. Feb 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

88. Corte TJ, Wells AU, Nicholson AG, et al. Pulmonary hypertension in sarcoidosis: a review. Respirology. 2011 Jan;16(1):69-77.Texto completo  Resumo

89. Stern BJ. Neurological complications of sarcoidosis. Curr Opin Neurol. 2004 Jun;17(3):311-6. Resumo

90. Rosenbaum JT, Costenbader KH, Desmarais J, et al. American College of Rheumatology, American Academy of Dermatology, Rheumatologic Dermatology Society, and American Academy of Ophthalmology 2020 joint statement on hydroxychloroquine use with respect to retinal toxicity. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021 Jun;73(6):908-11.Texto completo  Resumo

91. Allen CS, Yeung JH, Vandermeer B, et al. Bisphosphonates for steroid-induced osteoporosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Oct 5;(10):CD001347.Texto completo  Resumo

92. Baughman RP, Lower EE. Fungal infections as a complication of therapy for sarcoidosis. QJM. 2005 Jun;98(6):451-6.Texto completo  Resumo

93. LeBoff MS, Greenspan SL, Insogna KL, et al. The clinician's guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2022 Oct;33(10):2049-102.Texto completo  Resumo

94. Rochester CL, Alison JA, Carlin B, et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation for adults with chronic respiratory disease: an official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2023 Aug 15;208(4):e7-26.Texto completo  Resumo

95. Huppmann P, Sczepanski B, Boensch M, et al. Effects of inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir J. 2013 Aug;42(2):444-53.Texto completo  Resumo

96. Guber E, Wand O, Epstein Shochet G, et al. The short- and long-term impact of pulmonary rehabilitation in subjects with sarcoidosis: a prospective study and review of the literature. Respiration. 2021;100(5):423-31. Resumo