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Central airway obstruction

最后审阅: 5 Oct 2024
最后更新: 15 Jul 2021

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • shortness of breath
  • cough
  • hemoptysis
  • wheeze
  • stridor
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • hoarseness
  • orthopnea
  • dysphagia
  • chest pain
  • anxiety
  • tachypnea
  • tachycardia
  • accessory muscle use
  • cyanosis
  • crackles
完整详情

危险因素

  • lung cancer
  • primary airway malignancy
  • smoking
  • artificial airways
  • tracheobronchial stents
  • transtracheal oxygen catheters
  • lung transplantation
  • neurocognitive and neuromuscular disorders
  • relapsing polychondritis
  • granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener granulomatosis)
  • tracheobronchomalacia
  • endobronchial infections
  • extrathoracic and distant malignancies
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • chest x-ray
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • bronchoscopy (flexible and/or rigid)
  • CT chest
  • MRI of chest
  • flow-volume loops (FVL)
  • spirometry
完整详情

新兴检查

  • endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)

治疗流程

急症处理

acute presentation

subacute presentation

撰稿人

作者

Jose Fernando Santacruz, MD, FCCP, DAABIP
Jose Fernando Santacruz

Medical Director

Bronchoscopy & Interventional Pulmonology

Houston Methodist Lung Center

Houston Methodist Hospital

Houston

TX

利益声明

JFS is a consultant for Boston Scientific and is the author of several studies referenced in this topic.

同行评议者

Krishna M. Sundar, MD

Adjunct Assistant Professor

University of Utah

Director

Pulmonary & Critical Care Research

IHC Urban South Intermountain Utah Valley Pulmonary Clinic

Provo

UT

利益声明

KMS declares that he has no competing interests.

Andrew Parfitt, MBBS, FFAEM

Clinical Director

Acute Medicine

Associate Medical Director

Consultant Emergency Medicine

Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust

Clinical Lead and Consultant

Accident Emergency Medicine

St Thomas' Hospital

London

UK

利益声明

AP declares that he has no competing interests.

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