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Oral candidiasis

Last reviewed: 3 Jun 2025
Last updated: 22 Aug 2023

Summary

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • creamy white or yellowish plaques, fairly adherent to oral mucosa
  • burning oral pain
  • cracks, ulcers, or crusted fissures radiating from angles of the mouth
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • unpleasant taste in the mouth
  • lesions on any part of the oral mucosa
  • atrophic, fiery red, flat lesions on the palate
  • patchy areas of loss of filiform papillae on the dorsum of the tongue
  • spotty red areas on the buccal mucosa
  • lesions confined to the outline of a dental prosthesis
  • dysphagia or odynophagia
  • rhomboid outline on the dorsal aspect of the tongue
  • continuous or patchy band of erythema, involving the free gingival margin
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • hyposalivation/xerostomia
  • poor oral hygiene, especially among denture wearers
  • malabsorption and malnutrition
  • advanced malignancy
  • cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy
  • HIV infection
  • endocrine disturbance (e.g., diabetes mellitus, hypoparathyroidism, pregnancy, hypoadrenalism)
  • immunosuppressive agents (e.g., local or systemic corticosteroid therapy)
  • current or recent past use of broad-spectrum or multiple narrow-spectrum antibiotics
  • extremes of age
  • high carbohydrate diet
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • superficial smear of lesion for microscopy
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • biopsy of lesion
  • culture of mouth rinse sample
  • upper GI endoscopy with or without biopsy of lesions
  • urinalysis, random or fasting blood glucose, or glucose tolerance test to exclude diabetes
  • HIV antibody test
  • sialometry
  • electrolyte panel
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

AGUDA

oral candidiasis

angular cheilitis

CONTÍNUA

severely immunocompromised: prophylactic-therapy

Colaboradores

Autores

Fariba S. Younai, DDS
Fariba S. Younai

Professor of Clinical Dentistry

Chair, Division of Diagnostic & Surgical Sciences

UCLA School of Dentistry

Los Angeles

CA

Declarações

FSY declares that she has no competing interests.

Revisores

Joan A. Phelan, DDS

Chair of Department of Oral Pathology

New York University College Of Dentistry

New York

NY

Declarações

JAP declares that she has no competing interests.

Giuseppina Campisi, DDS, PhD

Professor of Oral Medicine

Department of Oral Sciences

University of Palermo

Palermo

Italy

Declarações

GC declares that she has no competing interests.

Referências

Nossas equipes internas de editoria e de evidências trabalham em conjunto com colaboradores internacionais especializados e pares revisores para garantir que forneçamos acesso às informações o mais clinicamente relevantes possível.

Principais artigos

National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: Candidiasis (mucocutaneous). 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo

Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes DR, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Feb 15;62(4):e1-50.Texto completo  Resumo

Artigos de referência

Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
  • Oral candidiasis images
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  • Diretrizes

    • Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: Candidiasis (mucocutaneous)
    • Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in children with and exposed to HIV: Candida infections
    Mais Diretrizes
  • Folhetos informativos para os pacientes

    Oral thrush: what is it?

    Oral thrush: what treatments work?

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