Summary
Definição
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- creamy white or yellowish plaques, fairly adherent to oral mucosa
- burning oral pain
- cracks, ulcers, or crusted fissures radiating from angles of the mouth
Outros fatores diagnósticos
- unpleasant taste in the mouth
- lesions on any part of the oral mucosa
- atrophic, fiery red, flat lesions on the palate
- patchy areas of loss of filiform papillae on the dorsum of the tongue
- spotty red areas on the buccal mucosa
- lesions confined to the outline of a dental prosthesis
- dysphagia or odynophagia
- rhomboid outline on the dorsal aspect of the tongue
- continuous or patchy band of erythema, involving the free gingival margin
Fatores de risco
- hyposalivation/xerostomia
- poor oral hygiene, especially among denture wearers
- malabsorption and malnutrition
- advanced malignancy
- cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy
- HIV infection
- endocrine disturbance (e.g., diabetes mellitus, hypoparathyroidism, pregnancy, hypoadrenalism)
- immunosuppressive agents (e.g., local or systemic corticosteroid therapy)
- current or recent past use of broad-spectrum or multiple narrow-spectrum antibiotics
- extremes of age
- high carbohydrate diet
Investigações diagnósticas
Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas
- superficial smear of lesion for microscopy
Investigações a serem consideradas
- biopsy of lesion
- culture of mouth rinse sample
- upper GI endoscopy with or without biopsy of lesions
- urinalysis, random or fasting blood glucose, or glucose tolerance test to exclude diabetes
- HIV antibody test
- sialometry
- electrolyte panel
Algoritmo de tratamento
oral candidiasis
angular cheilitis
severely immunocompromised: prophylactic-therapy
Colaboradores
Autores
Fariba S. Younai, DDS

Professor of Clinical Dentistry
Chair, Division of Diagnostic & Surgical Sciences
UCLA School of Dentistry
Los Angeles
CA
Declarações
FSY declares that she has no competing interests.
Revisores
Joan A. Phelan, DDS
Chair of Department of Oral Pathology
New York University College Of Dentistry
New York
NY
Declarações
JAP declares that she has no competing interests.
Giuseppina Campisi, DDS, PhD
Professor of Oral Medicine
Department of Oral Sciences
University of Palermo
Palermo
Italy
Declarações
GC declares that she has no competing interests.
Referências
Principais artigos
National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: Candidiasis (mucocutaneous). 2020 [internet publication].Texto completo
Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes DR, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Feb 15;62(4):e1-50.Texto completo Resumo
Artigos de referência
Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
Diagnósticos diferenciais
- Chemical burns
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Mais Diagnósticos diferenciaisDiretrizes
- Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: Candidiasis (mucocutaneous)
- Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in children with and exposed to HIV: Candida infections
Mais DiretrizesFolhetos informativos para os pacientes
Oral thrush: what is it?
Oral thrush: what treatments work?
Mais Folhetos informativos para os pacientesConectar-se ou assinar para acessar todo o BMJ Best Practice
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