Foreign body ingestion

Foreign body ingestion is a common clinical problem. Those at increased risk include children and older patients, patients with an intellectual disability or psychiatric illness, prisoners/inmates, and those with underlying gastrointestinal (GI) mechanical obstruction.

Most ingested foreign bodies will pass through the GI tract without symptoms and cause only minor mucosal injury. However, 10% to 20% of cases will require some kind of nonoperative intervention, and 1% or less of cases may develop complications (e.g., bowel obstruction, perforation, severe hemorrhage, abscess formation, or septicemia) and require further surgical interventions.

Endoscopy is considered the first-line intervention for removal of foreign bodies. It is also considered the safest and most reliable method of diagnosis and treatment of foreign bodies in the GI tract.

Other nonoperative techniques for foreign body removal include the use of laryngoscopy, Foley catheters, and esophageal bougienage. Laparoscopic or open surgery is the last resort when other techniques have failed.

An ingested foreign body is any object (including food) originating outside the body and ingested via the mouth into the GI tract.