Anatomic penile abnormalities

Øster J. Further fate of the foreskin. Incidence of preputial adhesions, phimosis, and smegma among Danish schoolboys. Arch Dis Child. 1968 Apr;43(228):200-3.Full text  Abstract

Kiss A, Kiraly L, Kutasy B, et al. High incidence of balanitis xerotica obliterans in boys with phimosis: prospective 10-year study. Pediatr Dermatol. 2005 Jul-Aug;22(4):305-8. Abstract

Vorilhon P, Martin C, Pereira B, et al. Assessment of topical steroid treatment for childhood phimosis: review of the literature [in French]. Arch Pediatr. 2011 Apr;18(4):426-31. Abstract

1. Radhakrishnan J, Razzaq A, Manickam K, et al. Concealed penis. Pediatr Surg Int. 2002 Dec;18(8):668-72. Abstract

2. Tang SH, Kamat D, Santucci RA. Modern management of adult-acquired buried penis. Urology. 2008 Jul;72(1):124-7. Abstract

3. Gairdner D. The fate of the foreskin. A study of circumcision. Br Med J. 1949 Dec 24;2(4642):1433-7.Full text  Abstract

4. Øster J. Further fate of the foreskin. Incidence of preputial adhesions, phimosis, and smegma among Danish schoolboys. Arch Dis Child. 1968 Apr;43(228):200-3.Full text  Abstract

5. Imamura E. Phimosis of infants and young children in Japan. Acta Paediatr Jpn. 1997 Aug;39(4):403-5. Abstract

6. Spilsbury K, Semmens JB, Wisniewski ZS, et al. Circumcision for phimosis and other medical indications in Western Australian boys. Med J Aust. 2003 Feb 17;178(4):155-8. Abstract

7. Shankar KR, Rickwood AM. The incidence of phimosis in boys. BJU Int. 1999 Jul;84(1):101-2. Abstract

8. Snodgrass WT, Bush NC. Hypospadias. In: Snodgrass WT, ed. Pediatric urology: evidence for optimal patient management. New York, NY: Springer; 2013:117-52.

9. European Association of Urology, European Society for Paediatric Urology. Guidelines on paediatric urology. 2019 [internet publication].Full text

10. Cold CJ, Taylor JR. The prepuce. BJU Int. 1999 Jan;83(Suppl 1):34-44. Abstract

11. Jones SA, Flynn RJ. An unusual (and somewhat piercing) cause of paraphimosis. Br J Urol. 1996 Nov;78(5):803-4. Abstract

12. Higgins SP. Painful swelling of the prepuce occurring during penile erection. Genitourin Med. 1996 Dec;72(6):426.Full text  Abstract

13. Redman JF. Buried penis: a congenital syndrome of a short penile shaft and a paucity of penile skin. J. Urol. 2005 May;173(5):1714-7. Abstract

14. Kiss A, Kiraly L, Kutasy B, et al. High incidence of balanitis xerotica obliterans in boys with phimosis: prospective 10-year study. Pediatr Dermatol. 2005 Jul-Aug;22(4):305-8. Abstract

15. Choe JM. Paraphimosis: current treatment options. Am Fam Physician. 2000 Dec 15;62(12):2623-6, 2628.Full text  Abstract

16. Eroglu E, Gundogdu G. Isolated penile torsion in newborns. Can Urol Assoc J. 2015 Nov 4;9(11-12):E805-7.Full text  Abstract

17. Metcalfe PD, Rink RC. The concealed penis: management and outcomes. Curr Opin Urol. 2005 Jul;15(4):268-72. Abstract

18. McGregor TB, Pike JG, Leonard MP. Pathologic and physiologic phimosis: approach to the phimotic foreskin. Can Fam Physician. 2007 Mar;53(3):445-8.Full text  Abstract

19. Donatucci C, Ritter E. Management of buried penis in adults. J Urol. 1998 Feb;159(2):420-4. Abstract

20. Snodgrass WT. Hypospadias. In: McDougal WS, Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, et al, eds. Campbell-Walsh urology. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2009:634-8.

21. Maizels M, Zaontz M, Donovan J, et al. Surgical correction of the buried penis: description of a classification system and a technique to correct the disorder. J Urol. 1986 Jul;136(1 Pt 2):268-71. Abstract

22. Dave S, Afshar K, Braga LH, et al. Canadian Urological Association guideline on the care of the normal foreskin and neonatal circumcision in Canadian infants (full version). Can Urol Assoc J. 2018 Feb; 12(2):E76-E99.Full text  Abstract

23. Webster TM, Leonard MP. Topical steroid therapy for phimosis. Can J Urol. 2002 Apr;9(2):1492-5. Abstract

24. Monsour MA, Rabinovitch HH, Dean GE. Medical management of phimosis in children: our experience with topical steroids. J Urol. 1999 Sep;162(3 Pt 2):1162-4. Abstract

25. Ghysel C, Vander Eeckt K, Bogaert GA. Long-term efficiency of skin stretching and a topical corticoid cream application for unretractable foreskin and phimosis in prepubertal boys. Urol Int. 2009;82(1):81-8. Abstract

26. Nobre YD, Freitas RG, Felizardo MJ, et al. To circ or not to circ: clinical and pharmacoeconomic outcomes of a prospective trial of topical steroid versus primary circumcision. Int Braz J Urol. 2010 Jan-Feb;36(1):75-85.Full text  Abstract

27. Vorilhon P, Martin C, Pereira B, et al. Assessment of topical steroid treatment for childhood phimosis: review of the literature [in French]. Arch Pediatr. 2011 Apr;18(4):426-31. Abstract

28. Cuckow PM, Rix G, Mouriquand PD. Preputial plasty: a good alternative to circumcision. J Pediatr. Surg. 1994 Apr;29(4):561-3. Abstract

29. Little B, White M. Treatment options for paraphimosis. Int J Clin Pract. 2005 May;59(5):591-3. Abstract

30. Cahill D, Rane A. Reduction of paraphimosis with granulated sugar. BJU Int. 1999 Feb;83(3):362. Abstract

31. Reynard JM, Barua JM. Reduction of paraphimosis the simple way - the Dundee technique. BJU Int. 1999 May;83(7):859-60. Abstract

32. Litzky GM. Reduction of paraphimosis with hyaluronidase. Urology. 1997 Feb;50(3):160. Abstract

33. Bush NC, Holzer M, Zhang S, et al. Age does not impact risk for urethroplasty complications after tubularized incised plate repair of hypospadias in prepubertal boys. J Pediatr Urol. 2013 Jun;9(3):252-6. Abstract

34. Snodgrass W, Dajusta D, Villanueva C, et al. Foreskin reconstruction does not increase urethroplasty or skin complications after distal TIP hypospadias repair. J Pediatr Urol. 2013 Aug;9(4):401-6. Abstract

35. Snodgrass WT, Khavari R. Prior circumcision does not complicate repair of hypospadias with an intact prepuce. J Urol. 2006 Jul;176(1):296-8. Abstract

36. Wright I, Cole E, Farrokhyar F, et al. Effect of preoperative hormonal stimulation on postoperative complication rates after proximal hypospadias repair: a systematic review. J Urol. 2013 Aug;190(2):652-9. Abstract

37. Netto JM, Ferrarez CE, Schindler Leal AA, et al. Hormone therapy in hypospadias surgery: a systematic review. J Pediatr Urol. 2013 Dec;9(6 Pt B):971-9. Abstract

38. Borsellino A, Spagnoli A, Vallasciani S, et al. Surgical approach to concealed penis: technical refinements and outcome. Urology. 2007 Jun;69(6):1195-8. Abstract

39. Madsen BS, van den Brule AJ, Jensen HL, et al. Risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the penis - population-based case-control study in Denmark. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008 Oct;17(10):2683-91. Abstract

40. Kaplan GW. Complications of circumcision. Urol Clin North Am. 1983 Aug;10(3):543-9. Abstract