Snoring

Savage CR, Steward DL. Snoring: a critical analysis of current treatment modalities. Does anything really work? Curr Opinion Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007 Jun;15(3):177-9. Abstract

Kubba H. A child who snores. Clin Otolaryngol. 2006 Aug;31(4):317-8. Abstract

Fairbanks DNF, Mickelson SA, Woodson BT, eds. Snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2003.

Friedman M. Prognostic indicators for successful uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. Sleep. 2000;23:A268.

1. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The AASM international classification of sleep disorders - third edition, text revision (ICSD-3-TR). Jun 2023 [internet publication].Full text

2. Savage CR, Steward DL. Snoring: a critical analysis of current treatment modalities. Does anything really work? Curr Opinion Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007 Jun;15(3):177-9. Abstract

3. Sateia MJ. International classification of sleep disorders-third edition: highlights and modifications. Chest. 2014 Nov;146(5):1387-94. Abstract

4. Gursanscky J, Boston M, Kamani T. A snoring child. BMJ. 2017 May 18;357:j2124. Abstract

5. Knuiman M, James A, Divitini M, et al. Longitudinal study of risk factors for habitual snoring in a general adult population: the Busselton Health Study. Chest. 2006 Dec;130(6):1779-83. Abstract

6. Khoo SM, Tan WC, Ng TP, et al. Risk factors associated with habitual snoring and sleep disordered breathing in a multi-ethnic Asian population: a population-based study. Respir Med. 2004 Jun;98(6):557-66. Abstract

7. Lugaresi E, Cirignotta F, Coccagna G, et al. Snoring and the obstructive apnea syndrome. Electroencehalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl. 1982;35:421-30. Abstract

8. Patel M, Tran D, Chakrabarti A, et al. Prevalence of snoring in college students. J Am Coll Health. 2008 Jul-Aug;57(1):45-52. Abstract

9. Nicolas J, Loube D, Andrada T, et al. Prevalence of upper airway resistance syndrome in patients referred for presumed sleep disordered breathing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;156:787.

10. Kubba H. A child who snores. Clin Otolaryngol. 2006 Aug;31(4):317-8. Abstract

11. Fairbanks DNF, Mickelson SA, Woodson BT, eds. Snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2003.

12. Gleeson M, Ed. Scott-Brown's otorhinolaryngology: head and neck surgery. 7th ed. London: Hodder Arnold; 2008: 2305-39.

13. Liu SA, Liu CY. Prevalence of snoring in Taichung area: an epidemiological study. J Chin Med Assoc. 2004 Jan;67(1):32-6. Abstract

14. Teculescu D, Benamghar L, Hannhart B, et al. Habitual loud snoring: a study of prevalence and associations in 850 middle-aged French males. Respiration. 2006 Feb;73(1):68-72. Abstract

15. Herzog M, Riemann R. Alcohol ingestion influences the nocturnal cardio-respiratory activity in snoring and non-snoring males. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2004 Sep;261(8):459-62. Abstract

16. Issa FG, Sullivan CE. Alcohol, snoring and sleep apnea. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1982 Apr;45(4):353-9. Abstract

17. Robinson RW, White DP, Zwillich CW. Moderate alcohol ingestion increases upper airway resistance in normal subjects. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1985 Dec;132(6):1238-41. Abstract

18. Svensson M, Lindberg E, Naessen T, et al. Risk factors associated with snoring in women with special emphasis on body mass index: a population-based study. Chest. 2006 Apr;129(4):933-41. Abstract

19. Konermann M, Radu HJ, Teschler H, et al. Interaction of sleep disturbances, gastroesophageal reflux in chronic laryngitis. Am J Otolaryngol. 2002 Jan-Feb;23(1):20-6. Abstract

20. Franklin KA, Gislason T, Omenaas E, et al. The influence of active and passive smoking on habitual snoring. Am J Resp Crit Care Med. 2004 Oct 1;170(7):799-803. Abstract

21. Bloom JW, Kaltenborn WT, Quan SF. Risk factors in a general population for snoring: importance of cigarette smoking and obesity. Chest. 1988 Apr;93(4):678-83. Abstract

22. Young T, Finn L, Kim H. Nasal obstruction as a risk factor for sleep-disordered breathing. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997 Feb;99(2):S757-62. Abstract

23. Ellis PD, Harries ML, Ffowcs Williams JE, et al. The relief of snoring by nasal surgery. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1992 Dec;17(6):525-7. Abstract

24. Hoffstein V, Szalai JP. Predictive value of clinical features in diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep. 1993 Feb;16(2):118-22. Abstract

25. Viner S, Szalai JP, Hoffstein V. Are history and physical examination a good screening test for sleep apnea? Ann Int Med. 1991 Sep 1;115(5):356-9. Abstract

26. Lim PV, Curry AR. A new method for evaluating and reporting the severity of snoring. J Laryngol Otol. 1999 Apr;113(4):336-40. Abstract

27. Sher AE, Thorpy MJ, Shprintzen RJ, et al. Predictive value of Muller manoeuvre in selection of patients for uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. Laryngoscope. 1985 Dec;95(12):1483-7. Abstract

28. Woodson BT. Evaluation by physical examination and special studies. In: Fairbanks DNF, Mickelson SA, Woodson BT, eds. Snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2003.

29. Fairbanks DN. Predicting the effect of nasal surgery on snoring: a simple test. Ear Nose Throat J. 1991 Jan;70(1):50-2. Abstract

30. Ryan PJ, Hilton MF, Boldy DA, et al. Validation of British Thoracic Society guidelines for the diagnosis of the sleep apnea/hypopnoea syndrome: can polysomnography be avoided? Thorax. 1995 Sep;50(9):972-5.Full text  Abstract

31. Tvinnereim M, Mitic S, Hansen RK. Plasma radiofrequency preceded by pressure recording enhances success for treating sleep-related breathing disorders. Laryngoscope. 2007 Apr;117(4):731-6. Abstract

32. Camilleri AE, Ramamurthy L, Jones PH. Sleep nasendoscopy: what benefit to the management of snorers? J Laryngol Otol. 1995 Dec;109(12):1163-5. Abstract

33. Saunders NC, Tassone P, Wood G, et al. Is acoustic analysis of snoring an alternative to sleep nasendoscopy. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 2004 Jun;29(3):242-6. Abstract

34. Michaelson PG, Mair EA. Popular snore aids: do they work? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004 Jun;130(6):649-58. Abstract

35. Nakano H, Ikeda T, Hayashi M, et al. Effects of body position on snoring in apneic and nonapneic snorers. Sleep. 2003 Mar 15;26(2):169-72. Abstract

36. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events. Feb 2023 [internet publication].Full text

37. Paediatric Society of New Zealand. New Zealand Guidelines for the assessment of sleep-disordered breathing in childhood. 2014 [internet publication].Full text

38. Iseri M, Balcioglu O. Radiofrequency versus injection snoreplasty in simple snoring. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005 Aug;133(2):224-8. Abstract

39. Huntley TC. The uvulopalatal flap. Op Tech Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000;11:30-5.

40. Robinson S, Ettema SL, Brusky L, et al. Lingual tonsillectomy using bipolar radiofrequency plasma excision. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006 Feb;134(2):328-30. Abstract

41. Uppal S, Nadig S, Jones C, et al. A prospective single-blind randomized-controlled trial comparing two surgical techniques for the treatment of snoring: laser palatoplasty versus uvulectomy with punctuate palatal diathermy. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 2004 Jun;29(3):254-63. Abstract

42. Pang KP, Terris DJ. Modified cautery-assisted palatal stiffening operation: new method for treating snoring and mild obstructive sleep apnea. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007 May;136(5):823-6. Abstract

43. Alexopoulos E, Kaditis AG, Kalampouka E, et al. Nasal corticosteroids for children with snoring. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004 Aug;38(2):161-7. Abstract

44. Anuntaseree W, Kuasirikul S, SuntornlohanakuI S. Natural history of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea in Thai school-age children. Pediatric Pulmonol. 2005 May;39(5):415-20. Abstract

45. O'Brien LM, Mervis CB, Holbrook CR, et al. Neurobehavioral implications of habitual snoring in children. Pediatrics. 2004 Jul;114(1):44-9. Abstract

46. Robertson S, Loughran S, MacKenzie K. Ear protection as a treatment for disruptive snoring: do ear plugs really work? J Laryngol Otol. 2006 May;120(5):381-4. Abstract

47. Wijewickrama RC, Blalock D, Mims JW. Study of lubricant-induced changes in chronic snorers (SLICCS). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004 Nov;131(5):606-9. Abstract

48. Ieto V, Kayamori F, Montes MI, et al. Effects of oropharyngeal exercises on snoring: a randomized trial. Chest. 2015 Sep;148(3):683-91. Abstract

49. Cole P, Haight JS. Mechanisms of nasal obstruction in sleep. Laryngoscope. 1984 Dec;94(12 Pt 1):1557-9. Abstract

50. Dayal VS, Phillipson EA. Nasal surgery in the treatment of sleep apnea. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1985 Nov-Dec;94(6 Pt 1):550-4. Abstract

51. Papsidero MJ. The role of nasal obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Ear Nose Throat J. 1993 Jan;72(1):82-4. Abstract

52. Miljeteig H, Hoffstein V, Cole P. The effect of unilateral and bilateral nasal obstruction on snoring and sleep apnea. Laryngoscope. 1992 Oct;102(10):1150-2. Abstract

53. Hoijer U, Ejnell H, Hedner J, et al. The effects of nasal dilation on snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1992 Mar;118(3):281-4. Abstract

54. Ulfberg J, Fenton G. Effect of Breathe Right nasal strip on snoring. Rhinology. 1997 Jun;35(2):50-2. Abstract

55. Petruson B. Snoring can be reduced when the nasal airflow is increased by the nasal dilator Nozovent. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1990 Apr;116(4):462-4. Abstract

56. Metes A, Cole P, Hoffstein V, et al. Nasal airway dilation and obstructed breathing in sleep. Laryngoscope. 1992 Sep;102(9):1053-5. Abstract

57. Hoffstein V, Mateika S, Metes A. Effect of nasal dilation on snoring and apneas during different stages of sleep. Sleep. 1993 Jun;16(4):360-5. Abstract

58. Scharf MB, McDannold MD, Zaretsky NT, et al. Cyclic alternating pattern sequences in non-apneic snorers with and without nasal dilation. Ear Nose Throat J. 1996 Sep;75(9):617-9. Abstract

59. Craig TJ, Teets S, Lehman EB, et al. Nasal congestion secondary to allergic rhinitis as a cause of sleep disturbance and daytime fatigue and the response to topical nasal corticosteroids. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1998 May;101(5):633-7. Abstract

60. Willatt D. The evidence for reducing inferior turbinates. Rhinology. 2009 Sep;47(3):227-36.Full text  Abstract

61. Rollheim J, Miljeteig H, Osnes T. Body mass index less than 28 kg/m2 is a predictor of subjective improvement after laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty for snoring. Laryngoscope. 1999 Mar;109(3):411-4. Abstract

62. D'Souza A, Hassan S, Morgan D. Recent advances in surgery for snoring-somnoplasty (radiofrequency palatoplasty) a pilot study: effectiveness and acceptability. Eur Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord). 2000;121(2):111-5. Abstract

63. Zhang L, Mendoza-Sassi RA, César JA, et al. Intranasal corticosteroids for nasal airway obstruction in children with moderate to severe adenoidal hypertrophy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Jul 16;(3):CD006286.Full text  Abstract

64. Johnston CD, Gleadhill IC, Cinnamond MJ, et al. Oral appliances for the management of severe snoring: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Orthod. 2001 Apr;23(2):127-34.Full text  Abstract

65. Cooke ME, Battagel JM. A thermoplastic mandibular advancement device for the management of non-apnoeic snoring: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Orthod. 2006 Aug;28(4):327-38.Full text  Abstract

66. Aarts MC, Rovers MM, van der Heijden GJ, et al. The value of a mandibular repositioning appliance for the treatment of nonapneic snoring. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011 Feb;144(2):170-3.

67. Friedman M, Vidyasagar R, Bliznikas D, et al. Patient selection and efficacy of pillar implant technique for treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006 Feb;134(2):187-96. Abstract

68. Nordgard S, Stene BK, Skjostad KW, et al. Palatal implants for the treatment of snoring: long-term results. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006 Apr;134(4):558-64. Abstract

69. Choi JH, Kim SN, Cho JH. Efficacy of the pillar implant in the treatment of snoring and mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis. Laryngoscope. 2013 Jan;123(1):269-76. Abstract

70. Sandhu GS, Vatts A, Whinney D, et al. Somnoplasty for simple snoring: a pilot study. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 2003 Oct;28(5):425-9. Abstract

71. Stuck BA, Maurer JT, Hein G, et al. Radiofrequency surgery of the soft palate in the treatment of snoring: a review of the literature. Sleep. 2004 May 1;27(3):551-5. Abstract

72. Stuck BA, Sauter A, Hormann K, et al. Radiofrequency surgery of the soft palate in the treatment of snoring. A placebo-controlled trial. Sleep. 2005 Jul;28(7):847-50. Abstract

73. Johnson JT, Vates J, Wagner RL. Reduction of snoring with a plasma-mediated radiofrequency-based ablation (Coblation) device. Ear Nose Throat J. 2008 Jan;87(1):40-3. Abstract

74. Ferguson M, Smith TL, Zanation AM, et al. Radiofrequency tissue volume reduction: multilesion vs single lesion treatments for snoring. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001 Sep;127(9):1113-8.Full text  Abstract

75. Welt S, Maurer JT, Hormann K, et al. Radiofrequency surgery of the tongue base in the treatment of snoring-a pilot study. Sleep Breathing. 2007 Mar;11(1):39-43. Abstract

76. Stuck BA, Starzak K, Verse T, et al. Complications of temperature-controlled radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction for sleep-disordered breathing. Acta Otolaryngol. 2003 May;123(4):532-5. Abstract

77. Blumen MB, Chalumeau F, Gauthier A, et al. Comparative study of four radiofrequency generators for the treatment of snoring. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008 Mar;138(3):294-9. Abstract

78. Berger G, Finkelstein Y, Stein G, et al. Laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty for snoring: medium- to long-term subjective and objective analysis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001 Apr;127(4):412-7.Full text  Abstract

79. Iyngkaran T, Kanagalingam J, Rajeswaran R, et al. Long-term outcomes of laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty in 168 patients with snoring. J Laryngol Otol. 2006 Nov;120(11):932-8. Abstract

80. Marais J, Armstrong MW. Effect of laser uvulopalatoplasty on middle ear function. Laryngoscope. 1999 Dec;109(12):1947-9. Abstract

81. Lim DJ, Kang SH, Kim BH, et al. Treatment of primary snoring using radiofrequency-assisted uvulopalatoplasty. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2007 Jul;264(7):761-7. Abstract

82. Belloso A, Morar P, Tahery J, et al. Randomized-controlled study comparing post-operative pain between coblation palatoplasty and laser palatoplasty. Clin Otolaryngol. 2006 Apr;31(2):138-43. Abstract

83. Tytherleigh MG, Thomas MA, Connolly AA, et al. Patients' and partners' perceptions of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for snoring. J Otolaryngol. 1999 Apr;28(2):73-5. Abstract

84. Fernandez Julian E, Esparcia Navarro M, Garcia Callejo FJ, et al. Clinical and functional analysis of long term results of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. Acta Otorrhinolaringol Esp. 2002 Apr;53(4):269-80. Abstract

85. Hicklin LA, Tostevin P, Dasan S. Retrospective survey of long-term results and patient satisfaction with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for snoring. J Laryngol Otol. 2000 Sep;114(9):675-81. Abstract

86. Friedman M. Prognostic indicators for successful uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. Sleep. 2000;23:A268.

87. Mitchell RB. Adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea in children: outcome evaluated by pre- and postoperative polysomnography. Laryngoscope. 2007 Oct;117(10):1844-54. Abstract

88. Chan J, Edman JC, Koltai PJ. Obstructive sleep apnea in children. Am Fam Physician. 2004 Mar 1;69(5):1147-54.Full text  Abstract

89. Ramar K, Dort LC, Katz SG, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and snoring with oral appliance therapy: an update for 2015. J Clin Sleep Med. 2015 Jul 15;11(7):773-827.Full text  Abstract