Suicide risk mitigation

References

Key articles

Chun TH, Mace SE, Katz ER, et al. Evaluation and management of children and adolescents with acute mental health or behavioral problems. Part I: common clinical challenges of patients with mental health and/or behavioral emergencies. Pediatrics. 2016 Sep;138(3):e20161570.Full text  Abstract

World Health Report. mhGAP Intervention Guide for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in non-specialized health settings. Geneva: WHO; 2019.Full text

Reference articles

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32. Klonsky ED, May AM. The three-step theory (3ST): a new theory of suicide rooted in the “ideation-to-action” framework. Int J Cogn Ther. 2015; 8(2):114-29.Full text

33. O'Connor RC, Kirtley OJ. The integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behaviour. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2018 Sep 5;373(1754).Full text  Abstract

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35. Mann JJ. Neurobiology of suicidal behavior. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2003 Oct;4(10):819-28. Abstract

36. Currier D, Mann JJ. Stress, genes and the biology of suicidal behavior. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2008 Jun;31(2):247-69.Full text  Abstract

37. van Heeringen K, Bijttebier S, Desmyter S, et al. Is there a neuroanatomical basis of the vulnerability to suicidal behavior? A coordinate-based meta-analysis of structural and functional MRI studies. Front Hum Neurosci. 2014 Oct 22;8:824.Full text  Abstract

38. van Heeringen K, Mann JJ. The neurobiology of suicide. Lancet Psychiatry. 2014 Jun;1(1):63-72. Abstract

39. van Heeringen C, Bijttebier S, Godfrin K. Suicidal brains: a review of functional and structural brain studies in association with suicidal behaviour. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2011 Jan;35(3):688-98. Abstract

40. Cox Lippard ET, Johnston JA, Blumberg HP. Neurobiological risk factors for suicide: insights from brain imaging. Am J Prev Med. 2014 Sep;47(3 Suppl 2):S152-62.Full text  Abstract

41. Wagner G, Koch K, Schachtzabel C, et al. Enhanced rostral anterior cingulate cortex activation during cognitive control is related to orbitofrontal volume reduction in unipolar depression. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2008 May;33(3):199-208.Full text  Abstract

42. Nock MK, Millner AJ, Joiner TE, et al. Risk factors for the transition from suicide ideation to suicide attempt: Results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). J Abnorm Psychol. 2018 Feb;127(2):139-49.Full text  Abstract

43. Powell J, Geddes J, Hawton K, et al. Suicide in psychiatric hospital in-patients: risk factors and their predictive power. Br J Psychiatry. 2000 Mar;176:266-72. Abstract

44. McHugh CM, Corderoy A, Ryan CJ, et al. Association between suicidal ideation and suicide: meta-analyses of odds ratios, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value. BJPsych Open. 2019 Mar;5(2):e1.Full text  Abstract

45. Cooper J, Kapur N, Webb R, et al. Suicide after deliberate self-harm: a 4-year cohort study. Am J Psychiatry. 2005 Feb;162(2):297-303.Full text  Abstract

46. Christiansen E, Jensen BF. Risk of repetition of suicide attempt, suicide or all deaths after an episode of attempted suicide: a register-based survival analysis. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2007 Mar;41(3):257-65. Abstract

47. Hawton K, Casañas I Comabella C, Haw C, et al. Risk factors for suicide in individuals with depression: a systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2013 May;147(1-3):17-28. Abstract

48. Zahl DL, Hawton K. Repetition of deliberate self-harm and subsequent suicide risk: long-term follow-up study of 11,583 patients. Br J Psychiatry. 2004 Jul;185:70-5. Abstract

49. Kapur N, Cooper J, King-Hele S, et al. The repetition of suicidal behavior: a multicenter cohort study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006 Oct;67(10):1599-609. Abstract

50. Bergen H, Hawton K, Waters K, et al. How do methods of non-fatal self-harm relate to eventual suicide? J Affect Disord. 2012 Feb;136(3):526-33. Abstract

51. Bommersbach TJ, Rosenheck RA, Rhee TG. National trends of mental health care among US adults who attempted suicide in the past 12 months. JAMA Psychiatry. 2022 Mar 1;79(3):219-31.Full text  Abstract

52. Mann JJ, Apter A, Bertolote J, et al. Suicide prevention strategies: a systematic review. JAMA. 2005 Oct 26;294(16):2064-74. Abstract

53. McGirr A, Renaud J, Seguin M, et al. Course of major depressive disorder and suicide outcome: a psychological autopsy study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008 Jun;69(6):966-70. Abstract

54. Borges G, Bagge CL, Cherpitel CJ, et al. A meta-analysis of acute use of alcohol and the risk of suicide attempt. Psychol Med. 2017 Apr;47(5):949-57.Full text  Abstract

55. Dahlberg LL, Ikeda RM, Kresnow MJ. Guns in the home and risk of a violent death in the home: findings from a national study. Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Nov 15;160(10):929-36.Full text  Abstract

56. Elnour AA, Harrison J. Lethality of suicide methods. Inj Prev. 2008 Feb;14(1):39-45. Abstract

57. Dube SR, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, et al. Childhood abuse, household dysfunction, and the risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span: findings from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study. JAMA. 2001 Dec 26;286(24):3089-96.Full text  Abstract

58. Norman RE, Byambaa M, De R, Butchart A, et al. The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2012;9(11):e1001349.Full text  Abstract

59. Liu J, Fang Y, Gong J, et al. Associations between suicidal behavior and childhood abuse and neglect: a meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2017 Mar 29;220:147-55. Abstract

60. Geulayov G, Gunnell D, Holmen TL, et al. The association of parental fatal and non-fatal suicidal behaviour with offspring suicidal behaviour and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2012 Aug;42(8):1567-80. Abstract

61. Qin P, Agerbo E, Mortensen PB. Suicide risk in relation to family history of completed suicide and psychiatric disorders: a nested case-control study based on longitudinal registers. Lancet. 2002 Oct 12;360(9340):1126-30. Abstract

62. Ballard ED, Cui L, Vandeleur C, et al. Familial aggregation and coaggregation of suicide attempts and comorbid mental disorders in adults. JAMA Psychiatry. 2019 Mar 27 [Epub ahead of print]. Abstract

63. Mérelle S, Foppen E, Gilissen R, et al. Characteristics associated with non-disclosure of suicidal ideation in adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 May 9;15(5):E943.Full text  Abstract

64. Konrad N, Daigle MS, Daniel AE, et al. International Association for Suicide Prevention Task Force on Suicide in Prisons. Preventing suicide in prisons, part I. Recommendations from the International Association for Suicide Prevention Task Force on Suicide in Prisons. Crisis. 2007;28(3):113-21. Abstract

65. Bachmann S. Epidemiology of suicide and the psychiatric perspective. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Jul 6;15(7):1425.Full text  Abstract

66. Anguiano L, Mayer DK, Piven ML, et al. A literature review of suicide in cancer patients. Cancer Nurs. 2012 Jul-Aug;35(4):E14-26. Abstract

67. Giannini MJ, Bergmark B, Kreshover S, et al. Understanding suicide and disability through three major disabling conditions: intellectual disability, spinal cord injury, and multiple sclerosis. Disabil Health J. 2010 Apr;3(2):74-8. Abstract

68. Henson KE, Brock R, Charnock J, et al. Risk of suicide after cancer diagnosis in England. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018 Nov 21 [Epub ahead of print]. Abstract

69. Sandhu JK, Wu KK, Bui TL, et al. Association between atopic dermatitis and suicidality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol. 2018 Dec 12 [Epub ahead of print]. Abstract

70. Webb RT, Kontopantelis E, Doran T, et al. Suicide risk in primary care patients with major physical diseases: a case-control study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012 Mar;69(3):256-64. Abstract

71. Guo Z, Gan S, Li Y, et al. Incidence and risk factors of suicide after a prostate cancer diagnosis: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2018 Nov;21(4):499-508. Abstract

72. Pigeon WR, Pinquart M, Conner K. Meta-analysis of sleep disturbance and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012 Sep;73(9):e1160-7. Abstract

73. Kposowa AJ. Marital status and suicide in the National Longitudinal Mortality Study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2000 Apr;54(4):254-61.Full text  Abstract

74. Masocco M, Pompili M, Vichi M, et al. Suicide and marital status in Italy. Psychiatr Q. 2008 Dec;79(4):275-85. Abstract

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76. Gallagher LM, Kliem C, Beautrais AL, et al. Suicide and occupation in New Zealand, 2001-2005. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2008 Jan-Mar;14(1):45-50. Abstract

77. Merriott D. Factors associated with the farmer suicide crisis in India. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2016 Dec;6(4):217-27.Full text  Abstract

78. Agerbo E, Gunnell D, Bonde JP, et al. Suicide and occupation: the impact of socio-economic, demographic and psychiatric differences. Psychol Med. 2007 Aug;37(8):1131-40. Abstract

79. Skinner A, Osgood ND, Occhipinti JA, et al. Unemployment and underemployment are causes of suicide. Sci Adv. 2023 Jul 14;9(28):eadg3758.Full text  Abstract

80. Chang Q, Chan CH, Yip PSF. A meta-analytic review on social relationships and suicidal ideation among older adults. Soc Sci Med. 2017 Sep 5;191:65-76. Abstract

81. Langille DB, Curtis L, Hughes J, et al. Association of socio-economic factors with health risk behaviours among high school students in rural Nova Scotia. Can J Public Health. 2003 Nov-Dec;94(6):442-7. Abstract

82. Gould MS, Greenberg T, Velting DM, et al. Youth suicide risk and preventive interventions: a review of the past 10 years. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2003 Apr;42(4):386-405. Abstract

83. Zatti C, Rosa V, Barros A, et al. Childhood trauma and suicide attempt: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies from the last decade. Psychiatry Res. 2017 Oct;256:353-8. Abstract

84. Iemmi V, Bantjes J, Coast E, et al. Suicide and poverty in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Lancet Psychiatry. 2016 Aug;3(8):774-83. Abstract

85. University of Manchester. National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness (NCISH) report: suicide by children and young people. Jul 2017 [internet publication].Full text

86. Pitman AL, Osborn DP, Rantell K, et al. Bereavement by suicide as a risk factor for suicide attempt: a cross-sectional national UK-wide study of 3432 young bereaved adults. BMJ Open. 2016 Jan 26;6(1):e009948.Full text  Abstract

87. Luoma JB, Martin CE, Pearson JL. Contact with mental health and primary care providers before suicide: a review of the evidence. Am J Psychiatry. 2002 Jun;159(6):909-16.Full text  Abstract

88. Chun TH, Mace SE, Katz ER, et al. Evaluation and management of children and adolescents with acute mental health or behavioral problems. Part I: common clinical challenges of patients with mental health and/or behavioral emergencies. Pediatrics. 2016 Sep;138(3):e20161570.Full text  Abstract

89. Simon GE, Savarino J. Suicide attempts among patients starting depression treatment with medications or psychotherapy. Am J Psychiatry. 2007 Jul;164(7):1029-34.Full text  Abstract

90. Olfson M, Shaffer D, Marcus SC, et al. Relationship between antidepressant medication treatment and suicide in adolescents. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003 Oct;60(10):978-82.Full text  Abstract

91. Gibbons RD, Hur K, Bhaumik DK, et al. The relationship between antidepressant medication use and rate of suicide. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005 Feb;62(2):165-72.Full text  Abstract

92. Henriksson S, Isacsson G. Increased antidepressant use and fewer suicides in Jamtland county, Sweden, after a primary care educational programme on the treatment of depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2006 Sep;114(3):159-67. Abstract

93. Ritter K, Stompe T, Voracek M, et al. Suicide risk-related knowledge and attitudes of general practitioners. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2002 Aug 30;114(15-16):685-90. Abstract

94. Michail M, Tait L, Churchill D. General practitioners' clinical expertise in managing suicidal young people: implications for continued education. Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2017 Sep;18(5):419-28. Abstract

95. Beautrais A, Fergusson D, Coggan C, et al. Effective strategies for suicide prevention in New Zealand: a review of the evidence. N Z Med J. 2007 Mar 23;120(1251):U2459. Abstract

96. Crawford MJ, Thana L, Methuen C, et al. Impact of screening for risk of suicide: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2011 May;198(5):379-84. Abstract

97. van der Feltz-Cornelis CM, Sarchiapone M, Postuvan V, et al. Best practice elements of multilevel suicide prevention strategies: a review of systematic reviews. Crisis. 2011;32(6):319-33.Full text  Abstract

98. Szanto K, Kalmar S, Hendin H, et al. A suicide prevention program in a region with a very high suicide rate. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007 Aug;64(8):914-20.Full text  Abstract

99. Zalsman G, Hawton K, Wasserman D, et al. Suicide prevention strategies revisited: 10-year systematic review. Lancet Psychiatry. 2016 Jul;3(7):646-59. Abstract

100. Milner A, Witt K, Pirkis J, et al. The effectiveness of suicide prevention delivered by GPs: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2016 Dec 24;210:294-302. Abstract

101. Knox KL, Litts DA, Talcott GW, et al. Risk of suicide and related adverse outcomes after exposure to a suicide prevention programme in the US Air Force: cohort study. BMJ. 2003 Dec 13;327(7428):1376.Full text  Abstract

102. Isaac M, Elias B, Katz LY, et al. Swampy Cree Suicide Prevention Team. Gatekeeper training as a preventative intervention for suicide: a systematic review. Can J Psychiatry. 2009 Apr;54(4):260-8. Abstract

103. Bagley SC, Munjas B, Shekelle P, et al. A systematic review of suicide prevention programs for military or veterans. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2010 Jun;40(3):257-65. Abstract

104. Walrath C, Garraza LG, Reid H, et al. Impact of the Garrett Lee Smith youth suicide prevention program on suicide mortality. Am J Public Health. 2015 May;105(5):986-93.Full text  Abstract

105. Crowley P, Kilroe J, Burke S. Youth suicide prevention: evidence briefing. Dublin, Republic of Ireland: Institute of Public Health in Ireland; 2004.

106. Robinson J, Bailey E, Witt K, et al. What works in youth suicide prevention? A systematic review and meta-analysis. eClin Med. 2018 Oct-Nov;4-5:52-91.Full text

107. Baux-Cazal L, Gokalsing E, Amadeo S, et al. Suicidal behavior prevention for children under age 13: a systematic review [in French]. Encephale. 2017 May;43(3):273-80. Abstract

108. Kutcher S, Wei Y, Behzadi P. School- and community-based youth suicide prevention interventions: hot idea, hot air, or sham? Can J Psychiatry. 2017 Jun;62(6):381-7.Full text  Abstract

109. Wei Y, Kutcher S, LeBlanc JC. Hot idea or hot air: a systematic review of evidence for two widely marketed youth suicide prevention programs and recommendations for implementation. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2015 Winter;24(1):5-16.Full text  Abstract

110. Cusimano MD, Sameem M, Cusimano MD, et al. The effectiveness of middle and high school-based suicide prevention programmes for adolescents: a systematic review. Inj Prev. 2011 Feb;17(1):43-9. Abstract

111. Wasserman D, Hoven CW, Wasserman C, et al. School-based suicide prevention programmes: the SEYLE cluster-randomised, controlled trial. Lancet. 2015 Apr 18;385(9977):1536-44. Abstract

112. Rodgers PL, Sudak HS, Silverman MM, et al. Evidence-based practices project for suicide prevention. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2007 Apr;37(2):154-64. Abstract

113. Etzersdorfer E, Sonneck G. Preventing suicide by influencing mass-media reporting: the Viennese experience 1980-1996. Arch Suicide Res. 1998;4:67-74.

114. Sisask M, Varnik A, Sisask M, et al. Media roles in suicide prevention: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2012 Jan;9(1):123-38.Full text  Abstract

115. Gould MS, Kalafat J, Harrismunfakh JL, et al. An evaluation of crisis hotline outcomes. Part 2: suicidal callers. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2007 Jun;37(3):338-52. Abstract

116. Klimes-Dougan B, Yuan C, Lee S, et al. Suicide prevention with adolescents: considering potential benefits and untoward effects of public service announcements. Crisis. 2009;30(3):128-35. Abstract

117. Guo B, Harstall C. Efficacy of suicide prevention programs for children and youth. Health technology assessment HTA26: Series A. Edmonton, Canada: Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research; 2002.Full text

118. Gunnell D, Knipe D, Chang SS, et al. Prevention of suicide with regulations aimed at restricting access to highly hazardous pesticides: a systematic review of the international evidence. Lancet Glob Health. 2017 Oct;5(10):e1026-37.Full text  Abstract

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120. Klonsky ED, May AM. Differentiating suicide attempters from suicide ideators: a critical frontier for suicidology research. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2014 Feb;44(1):1-5. Abstract

121. O'Connor RC, Nock MK. The psychology of suicidal behaviour. Lancet Psychiatry. 2014 Jun;1(1):73-85. Abstract

122. Nock MK, Borges G, Bromet EJ, et al. Cross-national prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation, plans and attempts. Br J Psychiatry. 2008 Feb;192(2):98-105.Full text  Abstract

123. Deuter K, Procter N, Evans D. Protective factors for older suicide attempters: finding reasons and experiences to live. Death Stud. 2019 Mar 8:1-10. Abstract

124. Marchant A, Hawton K, Stewart A, et al. A systematic review of the relationship between internet use, self-harm and suicidal behaviour in young people: the good, the bad and the unknown. PLoS One. 2017 Aug 16;12(8):e0181722.Full text  Abstract

125. Jones JD, Boyd RC, Calkins ME, et al. Parent-adolescent agreement about adolescents' suicidal thoughts. Pediatrics. 2019 Feb;143(2):e20181771. Abstract

126. Novick DM, Swartz HA, Frank E. Suicide attempts in bipolar I and bipolar II disorder: a review and meta-analysis of the evidence. Bipolar Disord. 2010 Feb;12(1):1-9.Full text  Abstract

127. Rogers ML, Ringer FB, Joiner TE. A meta-analytic review of the association between agitation and suicide attempts. Clin Psychol Rev. 2016 Aug;48:1-6. Abstract

128. Bolton JM, Gunnell D, Turecki G. Suicide risk assessment and intervention in people with mental illness. BMJ. 2015 Nov 9;351:h4978. Abstract

129. Bhatt M, Perera S, Zielinski L, et al. Profile of suicide attempts and risk factors among psychiatric patients: a case-control study. PLoS One. 2018 Feb 22;13(2):e0192998.Full text  Abstract

130. Chan MK, Bhatti H, Meader N, et al. Predicting suicide following self-harm: systematic review of risk factors and risk scales. Br J Psychiatry. 2016 Oct;209(4):277-83. Abstract

131. Quinlivan L, Cooper J, Meehan D, et al. Predictive accuracy of risk scales following self-harm: multicentre, prospective cohort study. Br J Psychiatry. 2017 Jun;210(6):429-36.Full text  Abstract

132. Steeg S, Quinlivan L, Nowland R, et al. Accuracy of risk scales for predicting repeat self-harm and suicide: a multicentre, population-level cohort study using routine clinical data. BMC Psychiatry. 2018 Apr 25;18(1):113.Full text  Abstract

133. University of Manchester. National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness (NCISH): annual report 2023: UK patient and general population data 2010-2020. Mar 2023 [internet publication].Full text

134. US Preventive Services Task Force, Barry MJ, Nicholson WK, et al. Screening for depression and suicide risk in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2023 Jun 20;329(23):2057-67.Full text  Abstract

135. 2022 recommendations for preventive pediatric health care. Pediatrics. 2022 Jul 1;150(1):e2022058044.Full text  Abstract

136. Harriss L, Hawton K. Suicidal intent in deliberate self-harm and the risk of suicide: the predictive power of the Suicide Intent Scale. J Affect Disord. 2005 Jun;86(2-3):225-33. Abstract

137. Pena JB, Caine ED. Screening as an approach for adolescent suicide prevention. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2006 Dec;36(6):614-37. Abstract

138. Fujisawa D, Tanaka E, Sakamoto S, et al. The development of a brief screening instrument for depression and suicidal ideation for elderly: the Depression and Suicide Screen. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2005 Dec;59(6):634-8.Full text  Abstract

139. Shaffer D, Scott M, Wilcox H, et al. The Columbia Suicide Screen: validity and reliability of a screen for youth suicide and depression. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004 Jan;43(1):71-9. Abstract

140. US Preventive Services Task Force, Mangione CM, Barry MJ, et al. Screening for depression and suicide risk in children and adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2022 Oct 18;328(15):1534-42.Full text  Abstract

141. American Academy of Pediatrics. Patient's care: suicide: blueprint for youth suicide prevention. 2023 [internet publication].Full text

142. 2017 ENA Clinical Practice Guideline Committee; Zaleski ME, Johnson ML, Valdez AM, et al. Clinical practice guideline: suicide risk assessment. J Emerg Nurs. 2018 Sep;44(5):505.Full text  Abstract

143. US Department of Veterans Affairs, Department of Defense. VA/DoD clinical practice guideline for assessment and management of patients at risk for suicide. 2019 [internet publication].Full text

144. Risk Management Foundation, Harvard Medical Institutions. Guidelines for identification, assessment and treatment planning for suicidality. Cambridge, MA: The Foundation; 2014.Full text

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