Migraine headache in adults

Migraine is a chronic, genetically determined, episodic, neurological disorder that usually presents in early-to-mid life. It can have a severe effect on quality of life, but it is often under-diagnosed and under-treated.

Patients complain of intermittent headache and associated symptoms, such as visual disturbance, nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light or noise (photophobia and phonophobia).

Some women experience menstrual migraine, which is most likely to occur in the 2 days leading up to a period and in the first 3 days of a period.

Diagnosis is based on history and physical examination. No laboratory or imaging tests are essential for diagnosis.

Treatment approaches involve identifying and avoiding trigger factors, and the use of medication to treat the acute attack or prevent future attacks. Triptans are preferred over non-specific treatments.

Complications include status migrainosus, migrainous infarction, chronic migraine, persistent aura without infarction and seizures, analgesic gastropathy, transformation of episodic to chronic migraine, and medication-overuse headache.

Migraine is a chronic, genetically determined, episodic neurological disorder that usually presents in early-to-mid life. Key features in the history that support a diagnosis of migraine are nausea, photophobia, and disability, along with headache. Typical migraine aura (a complex of reversible visual, sensory, or speech symptoms), which precedes or occurs during headache, is pathognomonic of migraine but occurs only in 15% to 30% of patients.[1]Hadjikhani N, Sanchez Del Rio M, Wu O, et al. Mechanisms of migraine aura revealed by functional MRI in human visual cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001 Apr 10;98(8):4687-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC31895 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11287655?tool=bestpractice.com [2]Bashir A, Lipton RB, Ashina S, et al. Migraine and structural changes in the brain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurology. 2013 Oct 1;81(14):1260-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3795609 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23986301?tool=bestpractice.com

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