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传染性红斑

最后审阅: 22 Nov 2024
最后更新: 15 Nov 2024
15 Nov 2024

美国和欧洲报告的病例数增多提醒着临床医师,在患者出现发热、肌痛、关节痛和皮疹时应考虑细小病毒 B19 感染

​近期数据表明,导致传染性红斑的细小病毒 B19 的活动性增强。自 2024 年 3 月,14 个欧洲国家报告的病例数显著增加,2024 年 8 月,美国疾病预防控制中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC)发布了在美国相关活动性增强的健康警示。[14][15]​ 病例数激增发生于各年龄段人群,而 5-9 岁儿童中增幅最大。报告还显示,孕妇的感染率较高,伴随胎儿并发症增多。[16]

对于出现常见症状(例如,发热、肌痛、周身不适、网状皮疹、关节痛、特征性面部皮疹)的人群或已知接触过细小病毒 B19 感染者的孕妇,临床医师应高度怀疑其感染细小病毒 B19。[16]

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小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • 与感染者密切接触
  • 颊部鲜红斑疹,围绕口鼻周围
  • 红斑和丘疹演变为丝网状红斑,以四肢末端最明显
  • 免疫缺陷
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • 关节痛/关节炎
  • 前驱症状:发热、头痛、咽炎、鼻炎、腹部疼痛。
  • 贫血的症状
完整详情

危险因素

  • 与感染者密切接触
  • 免疫缺陷
  • 年龄 6 至 10 岁
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • 临床诊断
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • 全血细胞计数 (FBC)
  • 网织红细胞计数
  • 血清学
  • DNA分析
完整详情

治疗流程

急症处理

发热

继发性关节炎

持续性治疗

细小病毒B19持续感染3周以上

撰稿人

作者

Joseph M. Lam, MD

Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics

Associate Member, Department of Dermatology and Skin Sciences

University of British Columbia, BC Children’s Hospital

Vancouver

BC

Canada

利益声明

JML declares that he has no relevant competing interests.

Alexander K. C. Leung, MD

Department of Pediatrics

The University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital

Calgary

Alberta

Canada

利益声明

AKCL declares that he has no relevant competing interests.

鸣谢

Dr Joseph M. Lam and Dr Alexander Leung would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Kari L. Martin, Dr Christine T. Lauren, Dr Jon Dyer, and Dr Jennifer Holman, the previous contributors to this topic. KLM has served as a board member for Women's Dermatologic Society and American Contact Dermatitis Society. CTL, JD, and JH declare that they have no competing interests.

同行评议者

Nevio Cimolai, MD

Professor

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia

Vancouver

Canada

利益声明

NC declares that he has no competing interests.

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