Resumo
Definição
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- presença de fatores de risco
- temperatura alta (>38 °C) ou baixa (<36 °C)
- taquicardia
- taquipneia
- estado mental alterado agudamente
- enchimento capilar lentificado, pele com manchas vermelhas e roxas variadas ou com aspecto acinzentado
- sinais associados à causa específica de infecção
- baixa saturação de oxigênio
- hipotensão arterial
- débito urinário diminuído
- cianose
Fatores de risco
- neoplasia subjacente
- idade >65 anos
- imunocomprometimento
- hemodiálise
- alcoolismo
- diabetes mellitus
- cirurgia recente ou outros procedimentos invasivos
- integridade cutânea prejudicada
- sondas intravenosas ou vesicais de demora
- uso de substâncias por via intravenosa
- gestação
- residência em área urbana
- doença pulmonar
- sexo masculino
- ascendência não branca
- estação do inverno
Investigações diagnósticas
Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas
- Hemograma completo com diferencial
- ureia sanguínea e eletrólitos séricos
- creatinina sérica
- testes da função hepática
- estudos de coagulação (razão normalizada internacional [INR], tempo de tromboplastina parcial [TTP] ativada)
- glicose sérica
- níveis de lactato
- proteína C-reativa
- hemocultura
- outras culturas (por exemplo, de escarro, fezes, urina, feridas, cateteres, implantes protéticos, locais epidurais, líquido pleural ou peritoneal)
- gasometria arterial ou venosa
- radiografia torácica
- eletrocardiograma (ECG)
Investigações a serem consideradas
- punção lombar
- ecocardiografia (transtorácica ou transesofágica)
- ultrassonografia
- TC de tórax ou abdome
- procalcitonina sérica
Algoritmo de tratamento
Colaboradores
Autores
Professor
Department of Internal Medicine
Division of Infectious Diseases
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Omaha
NE
Declarações
ACK declares that he has no competing interests. ACK is an author of references cited in this topic.
Assistant Professor
Department of Internal Medicine
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Omaha
NE
Declarações
KC declares that she has no competing interests.
Professor Andre Kalil and Dr Kelly Cawcutt would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Ron Daniels, Dr Matt Inada-Kim, Dr Aamir Saifuddin, Dr Tim Nutbeam, Dr Edward Berry, Dr Lewys Richmond, and Dr Paul Kempen, previous contributors to this topic.
Declarações
RD has received payment for consultancy on sepsis from Kimal Plc, manufacturers of vascular access devices; from the Northumbria Partnership, a patient safety collaborative; and, where annual leave or other income was compromised in fulfilling his charity duties, from the UK Sepsis Trust. RD has received sponsorship to attend and speak at one meeting from Abbott Diagnostics. He is CEO of the UK Sepsis Trust and Global Sepsis Alliance, and advises HM Government, the World Health Organization, and NHS England on sepsis. Each of these positions demands that he express opinion on strategies around the recognition and management of sepsis. MIK is a national clinical advisor on sepsis to NHS England and a national clinical advisor on deterioration to NHS Improvement. He was reimbursed for a slide set by Relias Learning. AS is the clinical fellow to the National Medical Director at NHS Improvement. AS has been sponsored on two occasions by Dr Falk Pharma UK to attend specialist gastroenterology conferences abroad; there was no contractual obligation to disseminate product information. TN is a clinical adviser to the UK Sepsis Trust. EB, LR, and PK declare that they have no competing interests.
Revisores
Professor of Medicine
Infectious Disease Division
Rhode Island Hospital
Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Providence
RI
Declarações
SMO declares that he has no competing interests.
Associate Professor
NYU School of Medicine
Medical Director of Critical Care
Bellevue Hospital Center
New York
NY
Declarações
LE serves as the guidelines co-chair and on the steering committee of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign.
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