Accidente cerebrovascular por hemorragia intracerebral espontánea

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Última revisión: 19 Jan 2026
Última actualización: 15 Mar 2024

Resumen

Definición

Anamnesis y examen

Principales factores de diagnóstico

  • debilidad unilateral o parálisis en la cara, el brazo o la pierna
  • pérdida sensorial (entumecimiento)
  • disfasia
  • disartría
  • alteración visual
  • fotofobia
  • cefalea
  • ataxia
  • Factores de riesgo
Todos los datos

Otros factores de diagnóstico

  • vértigo
  • náuseas y vómitos
  • disminución del nivel de conciencia/coma
  • confusión
  • paresia de la mirada
Todos los datos

Factores de riesgo

  • hipertensión
  • edad avanzada
  • sexo masculino
  • Asiático, negro y/o latino/hispano
  • consumo excesivo de alcohol
  • simpaticomiméticos ilegales
  • antecedentes familiares de hemorragia intracerebral
  • hemofilia
  • angiopatía amiloide cerebral
  • anemia falciforme
  • mutaciones autosómicas dominantes en el gen COL4A1
  • telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria
  • mutaciones autosómicas dominantes en el gen KRIT1, el gen CCM2 o el gen PDCD10
  • anticoagulación
  • malformaciones vasculares
  • enfermedad de Moyamoya
  • embarazo
  • tabaquismo
  • antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE)
  • apnea obstructiva del sueño
  • diabetes mellitus
  • simpaticomiméticos
  • vasculitis cerebral
  • trombocitopenia
  • leucemia
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas

Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar

  • tomografía computarizada (TC) de cabeza sin contraste.
  • glucosa sérica
  • electrolitos séricos
  • urea y creatinina séricas
  • pruebas de función hepática
  • hemograma completo (HC)
  • prueba de coagulación
  • electrocardiograma (ECG)
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse

  • cribado toxicológico en suero
  • Angiografía por TC (ATC) o angiografía por resonancia magnética (ARM) de la cabeza
  • Venografía por tomografía computarizada (TC) o venografía por resonancia magnética (VRM) de la cabeza
  • Angiografía cerebral intraarterial
Todos los datos

Algoritmo de tratamiento

Inicial

sospecha de hemorragia intracerebral

Agudo

hemorragia intracerebral confirmada

Colaboradores

Consejeros especializados

Matthew Jones, MD, FRCP

Consultant Neurologist

Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences

Northern Care Alliance

Honorary Senior Lecturer

University of Manchester

Manchester

UK

Divulgaciones

MJ is the chair of the Association of British Neurologists Education Committee (unpaid position). MJ is a faculty member of an MRCP revision course. MJ has received honoraria from Eisai for educational talks.

Acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice would like to gratefully acknowledge the previous expert contributors, whose work has been retained in parts of the content:

Fernando D. Goldenberg, MD

Clinical Associate of Neurology

Medical Director, Neuroscience ICU

Director, Neurocritical Care Education

Co-Director, Stroke Center

University of Chicago

Chicago

IL

Raisa C. Martinez, MD

Neurocritical Care Fellow

Department of Neurology

University of Chicago

Chicago

IL

Disclosures

FDG and RCM declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

David Werring, FRCP, PhD, FESO

Professor of Clinical Neurology

Head of Research Department, Brain Repair and Rehabilitation

UCL Institute of Neurology

Honorary Consultant Neurologist

National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery

University College Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

North Thames Clinical Research Specialty Lead for Stroke

NIHR Clinical Research Network

London

UK

Disclosures

DW has received honoraria (speaking) from Bayer 2016, 2017, 2018 (talks or debates on intracerebral haemorrhage, atrial fibrillation, dementia) and honoraria (chairing) from Portola and Bayer 2019. DW has received consultancy fees from Bayer (2017; embolic stroke of undetermined source), JFB consulting (2018; PCSK9 inhibitors in stroke), Alnylam (2019; cerebral amyloid angiopathy), Portola (2019, 2020; andexanet alpha). JW was UCL Principle Investigator for NIHR clinical trials NAVIGATE-ESUS (Bayer, 2016-19), B2341002 (Pfizer 2014-2016), Action-2 (Biogen, 2016-19); Chief Investigator for OPTIMAS; steering committee and co-investigator for RESTART, TICH-2.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Greenberg SM, Ziai WC, Cordonnier C, et al. 2022 Guideline for the management of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2022 Jul;53(7):e282-361.Full text  Abstract

Intercollegiate Stroke Working Party. National clinical guideline for stroke for the UK and Ireland. May 2023 [internet publication].Full text

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Stroke and transient ischaemic attack in over 16s: diagnosis and initial management. Apr 2022 [internet publication].Full text

Royal College of Physicians. National Clinical Guideline for Stroke. Oct 2016 [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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