Ileus

Wattchow D, Heitmann P, Smolilo D, et al. Postoperative ileus - an ongoing conundrum. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2021 May;33(5):e14046. Abstract

Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Hubner M, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colorectal surgery: enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) society recommendations: 2018. World J Surg. 2019 Mar;43(3):659-95.Full text  Abstract

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3. van Bree SH, Bemelman WA, Hollmann MW, et al. Identification of clinical outcome measures for recovery of gastrointestinal motility in postoperative ileus. Ann Surg. 2014 Apr;259(4):708-14. Abstract

4. Wu Z, Boersema GS, Dereci A, et al. Clinical endpoint, early detection, and differential diagnosis of postoperative ileus: a systematic review of the literature. Eur Surg Res. 2015;54(3-4):127-38. Abstract

5. Chapman SJ, Thorpe G, Vallance AE, et al. Systematic review of definitions and outcome measures for return of bowel function after gastrointestinal surgery. BJS Open. 2019 Feb;3(1):1-10.Full text  Abstract

6. Wattchow D, Heitmann P, Smolilo D, et al. Postoperative ileus - an ongoing conundrum. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2021 May;33(5):e14046. Abstract

7. Vather R, O'Grady G, Bissett IP, et al. Postoperative ileus: mechanisms and future directions for research. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2014 May;41(5):358-70. Abstract

8. Hedrick TL, McEvoy MD, Mythen MMG, et al. American Society for Enhanced Recovery and Perioperative Quality Initiative joint consensus statement on postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction within an enhanced recovery pathway for elective colorectal surgery. Anesth Analg. 2018 Jun;126(6):1896-907.Full text  Abstract

9. Wolthuis AM, Bislenghi G, Fieuws S, et al. Incidence of prolonged postoperative ileus after colorectal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis. 2016 Jan;18(1):O1-9. Abstract

10. Chapuis PH, Bokey L, Keshava A, et al. Risk factors for prolonged ileus after resection of colorectal cancer: an observational study of 2400 consecutive patients. Ann Surg. 2013 May;257(5):909-15. Abstract

11. Moghadamyeghaneh Z, Hwang GS, Hanna MH, et al. Risk factors for prolonged ileus following colon surgery. Surg Endosc. 2016 Feb;30(2):603-9. Abstract

12. Svatek RS, Fisher MB, Williams MB, et al. Age and body mass index are independent risk factors for the development of postoperative paralytic ileus after radical cystectomy. Urology. 2010 Dec;76(6):1419-24. Abstract

13. Vather R, Josephson R, Jaung R, et al. Development of a risk stratification system for the occurrence of prolonged postoperative ileus after colorectal surgery: a prospective risk factor analysis. Surgery. 2015 Apr;157(4):764-73. Abstract

14. Millan M, Biondo S, Fraccalvieri D, et al. Risk factors for prolonged postoperative ileus after colorectal cancer surgery. World J Surg. 2012 Jan;36(1):179-85. Abstract

15. Kim MJ, Min GE, Yoo KH, et al. Risk factors for postoperative ileus after urologic laparoscopic surgery. J Korean Surg Soc. 2011 Jun;80(6):384-9.Full text  Abstract

16. Lluis N, Biondo S. Prolonged postoperative ileus after colorectal surgery: still an unresolved problem. Ann Laparosc Endosc Surg 2018;3:15.Full text

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19. Parvizi J, Han SB, Tarity TD, et al. Postoperative ileus after total joint arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2008 Apr;23(3):360-5. Abstract

20. Fineberg SJ, Nandyala SV, Kurd MF, et al. Incidence and risk factors for postoperative ileus following anterior, posterior, and circumferential lumbar fusion. Spine J. 2013 Oct 31;14(8):1680-5. Abstract

21. Lee MJ, Vaughan-Shaw P, Vimalachandran D, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of baseline risk factors for the development of postoperative ileus in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2020 Mar;102(3):194-203.Full text  Abstract

22. Delaney CP. Clinical perspective on postoperative ileus and the effect of opiates. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2004 Oct;16 Suppl 2:61-6. Abstract

23. Bederman SS, Betsy M, Winiarsky R, et al. Postoperative ileus in the lower extremity arthroplasty patient. J Arthroplasty. 2001 Dec;16(8):1066-70. Abstract

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26. Khawaja ZH, Gendia A, Adnan N, et al. Prevention and management of postoperative ileus: a review of current practice. Cureus. 2022 Feb;14(2):e22652.Full text  Abstract

27. Person B, Wexner SD. The management of postoperative ileus. Curr Probl Surg. 2006 Jan;43(1):6-65. Abstract

28. Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Hubner M, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colorectal surgery: enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) society recommendations: 2018. World J Surg. 2019 Mar;43(3):659-95.Full text  Abstract

29. Le Blanc-Louvry I, Denis P, Ducrotte P. The role of remote gut inflammation in duodenojejunal dysmotility. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2002 Apr;14(2):143-50. Abstract

30. Wang X, Gong Z, Wu K, et al. GI dysmotility in patients with acute pancreatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003 Jan;18(1):57-62. Abstract

31. Luckey A, Livingston E, Taché Y. Mechanisms and treatment of postoperative ileus. Arch Surg. 2003 Feb;138(2):206-14.Full text  Abstract

32. Ljungqvist O, Scott M, Fearon KC. Enhanced recovery after surgery: a review. JAMA Surg. 2017 Mar 1;152(3):292-8. Abstract

33. Zingg U, Miskovic D, Hamel CT, et al. Influence of thoracic epidural analgesia on postoperative pain relief and ileus after laparoscopic colorectal resection: benefit with epidural analgesia. Surg Endosc. 2009 Feb;23(2):276-82.Full text  Abstract

34. Guay J, Nishimori M, Kopp S. Epidural local anaesthetics versus opioid-based analgesic regimens for postoperative gastrointestinal paralysis, vomiting and pain after abdominal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jul 16;7:CD001893.Full text  Abstract

35. Gero D, Gié O, Hübner M, et al. Postoperative ileus: in search of an international consensus on definition, diagnosis, and treatment. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2017 Feb;402(1):149-58. Abstract

36. Senagore AJ, Delaney CP, Mekhail N, et al. Randomized clinical trial comparing epidural anaesthesia and patient-controlled analgesia after laparoscopic segmental colectomy. Br J Surg. 2003 Oct;90(10):1195-9. Abstract

37. Marret E, Remy C, Bonnet F. Meta-analysis of epidural analgesia versus parenteral opioid analgesia after colorectal surgery. Br J Surg. 2007 Jun;94(6):665-73.Full text  Abstract

38. Gendall KA, Kennedy RR, Watson AJ, et al. The effect of epidural analgesia on postoperative outcome after colorectal surgery. Colorectal Dis. 2007 Sep;9(7):584-98;discussion 598-600. Abstract

39. Carli F, Trudel JL, Belliveau P. The effect of intraoperative thoracic epidural anesthesia and postoperative analgesia on bowel function after colorectal surgery: a prospective, randomized trial. Dis Colon Rectum. 2001 Aug;44(8):1083-9. Abstract

40. Schlachta CM, Burpee SE, Fernandez C, et al. Optimizing recovery after laparoscopic colon surgery (ORAL-CS): effect of intravenous ketorolac on length of hospital stay. Surg Endosc. 2007 Dec;21(12):2212-9. Abstract

41. Chen JY, Wu GJ, Mok MS, et al. Effect of adding ketorolac to intravenous morphine patient-controlled analgesia on bowel function in colorectal surgery patients: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2005 Apr;49(4):546-51. Abstract

42. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Perioperative care in adults. Aug 2020 [internet publication].Full text

43. McNicol ED, Ferguson MC, Schumann R. Single-dose intravenous ketorolac for acute postoperative pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 May 17;5(5):CD013263.Full text  Abstract

44. Bell S, Rennie T, Marwick CA, et al. Effects of peri-operative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on post-operative kidney function for adults with normal kidney function. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Nov 29;11(11):CD011274.Full text  Abstract

45. Gannon RH. Current strategies for preventing or ameliorating postoperative ileus: a multimodal approach. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2007 Oct 15;64(20 suppl 13):S8-12. Abstract

46. Holte K, Kehlet H. Postoperative ileus: a preventable event. Br J Surg. 2000 Nov;87(11):1480-93. Abstract

47. Chen JY, Ko TL, Wen YR, et al. Opioid-sparing effects of ketorolac and its correlation with the recovery of postoperative bowel function in colorectal surgery patients: a prospective randomized double-blinded study. Clin J Pain. 2009 Jul-Aug;25(6):485-9. Abstract

48. Weibel S, Jelting Y, Pace NL, et al. Continuous intravenous perioperative lidocaine infusion for postoperative pain and recovery in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Jun 4;6(6):CD009642.Full text  Abstract

49. Alhashemi M, Fiore JF Jr, Safa N, et al. Incidence and predictors of prolonged postoperative ileus after colorectal surgery in the context of an enhanced recovery pathway. Surg Endosc. 2019 Jul;33(7):2313-22. Abstract

50. Orji EO, Olabode TO, Kuti O, et al. A randomised controlled trial of early initiation of oral feeding after cesarean section. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2009 Jan;22(1):65-71. Abstract

51. Boelens PG, Heesakkers FF, Luyer MD, et al. Reduction of postoperative ileus by early enteral nutrition in patients undergoing major rectal surgery: prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Ann Surg. 2014 Apr;259(4):649-55. Abstract

52. Bugaev N, Bhattacharya B, Chiu WC, et al. Promotility agents for the treatment of ileus in adult surgical patients: a practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2019 Oct;87(4):922-34. Abstract

53. Jackson P, Vigiola Cruz M. Intestinal obstruction: evaluation and management. Am Fam Physician. 2018 Sep 15;98(6):362-7.Full text  Abstract

54. Association of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland; Royal College of Surgeons of England. Commissioning guide: emergency general surgery (acute abdominal pain). April 2014 [internet publication].Full text

55. Sajja SB, Schein M. Early postoperative small bowel obstruction. Br J Surg. 2004 Jun;91(6):683-91.Full text  Abstract

56. Frager DH, Baer JW, Rothpearl A, et al. Distinction between postoperative ileus and mechanical small-bowel obstruction: value of CT compared with clinical and other radiographic findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1995 Apr;164(4):891-4.Full text  Abstract

57. Sebastian VA, Nebab KJ, Goldfarb MA. Intestinal obstruction and ileus: role of computed tomography scan in diagnosis and management. Am Surg. 2007 Dec;73(12):1210-4. Abstract

58. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Acute kidney injury: prevention, detection and management. Oct 2024 [internet publication].Full text

59. Golzarian J, Scott HW Jr, Richards WO. Hypermagnesemia-induced paralytic ileus. Dig Dis Sci. 1994 May;39(5):1138-42. Abstract

60. Crockett SD, Wani S, Gardner TB, et al. American Gastroenterological Association Institute guideline on initial management of acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 2018 Mar;154(4):1096-101. Abstract

61. Rompianesi G, Hann A, Komolafe O, et al. Serum amylase and lipase and urinary trypsinogen and amylase for diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Apr 21;4:CD012010.Full text  Abstract

62. Doorly MG, Senagore AJ. Pathogenesis and clinical and economic consequences of postoperative ileus. Surg Clin North Am. 2012 Apr;92(2):259-72;viii. Abstract

63. De Giorgio R, Knowles CH. Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction. Br J Surg. 2009 Mar;96(3):229-39. Abstract

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