Last reviewed: 13 Feb 2025
Last updated: 29 Jun 2022
Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- weight loss
- diarrhea
- volume depletion
- peripheral or presacral edema
Full details
Other diagnostic factors
- fatigue
- postprandial epigastric or right upper quadrant abdominal pain
- dysuria or renal colic
- abnormal neurologic examination
- jaundice and pruritus
- dermatologic signs
- night blindness
- motor weakness or altered gait
- proximal muscle weakness
- excessive bleeding
- confusion
Full details
Risk factors
- bowel resection
- extensive abdominal radiation injury
- gastroschisis
Full details
诊断性检查
首要检查
- CBC
- serum electrolytes
- BUN and creatinine
- serum albumin
- serum calcium, zinc, selenium, folate
- vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, B12, C, D, and E
- methylmalonic acid (MMA)
- INR
完整详情
需考虑的检查
- serum hepatic aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin (total and direct)
- urine analysis
- serum D-lactate
- fecal fat quantification
- upper gastrointestinal contrast series
- Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan
- abdominal ultrasound
- CT abdomen
完整详情
治疗流程
急症处理
jejunoileocolic anastomosis
jejunoileal anastomosis with fully resected colon
end jejunostomy or duodenostomy
持续性治疗
all patients
撰稿人
作者
Alan Buchman, MD, MSPH, FACP, FACG, FACN, AGAF

Medical Director, Gastroenterology
Anthem Health
Indianapolis
IN
利益声明
AB is an author of references cited in this topic.
鸣谢
Dr Alan Buchman would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Michael Roth, a previous contributor to this topic. MR is an author of a reference cited in this topic.
同行评议者
Marian F. Winkler, PhD RD
Professor of Surgery
Surgical Nutrition Specialist
Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital
Providence
RI
利益声明
MFW declares that she has no competing interests.
Jonathan Shaffer, MBBS
Hospital Dean
Intestinal Failure Unit
Hope Hospital
Salford
Manchester
UK
利益声明
Not disclosed. JS is the author of references cited in this topic.
鉴别诊断
- Active Crohn disease
- Celiac disease
- Small bowel malignancy
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- ESPEN guidelines on clinical nutrition in chronic intestinal failure
- ESPEN guidelines on home parenteral nutrition
更多 指南登录或订阅即可浏览 BMJ Best Practice 临床实践完整内容
内容使用需遵循免责声明