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36. Bent S, Nallamothu BK, Simel DL, et al. Does this woman have an acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection? JAMA. 2002 May 22-29;287(20):2701-10. Abstract

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38. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Urinary tract infection casics. Jan 2024 [internet publication].Full text

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40. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Urinary tract infections in adults. Feb 2023 [internet publication].Full text

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45. Little P, Turner S, Rumsby K, et al. Developing clinical rules to predict urinary tract infection in primary care settings: sensitivity and specificity of near patient tests (dipsticks) and clinical scores. Br J Gen Pract. 2006 Aug;56(529):606-12.Full text  Abstract

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49. Hooton TM, Stamm WE. Diagnosis and treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1997 Sep;11(3):551-81. Abstract

50. Wilson ML, Gaido L. Laboratory diagnosis of urinary tract infections in adult patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Apr 15;38(8):1150-8.Full text  Abstract

51. Schmiemann G, Kniehl E, Gebhardt K, et al. The diagnosis of urinary tract infection: a systematic review. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2010 May 28;107(21):361-7.Full text  Abstract

52. Browne RF, Zwirewich C, Torreggiani WC. Imaging of urinary tract infection in the adult. Eur Radiol. 2004 Mar;14 (suppl 3):E168-83. Abstract

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55. Köves B, Cai T, Veeratterapillay R, et al. Benefits and harms of treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria: a systematic review and meta-analysis by the European Association of Urology Urological Infection Guidelines Panel. Eur Urol. 2017 Dec;72(6):865-8.Full text  Abstract

56. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Urinary tract infections in pregnant individuals. Obstet Gynecol. 2023 Aug 1;142(2):435-45.Full text  Abstract

57. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: acute pyelonephritis. 2022 [internet publication].Full text

58. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: recurrent lower urinary tract infections in females. 2020 [internet publication].Full text

59. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria: Hematuria. 2019 [internet publication].Full text

60. Zalmanovici TA, Green H, Paul M, et al. Antimicrobial agents for treating uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Oct 6;(10):CD007182.Full text  Abstract

61. Nelson Z, Aslan AT, Beahm NP, et al. Guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of urinary tract infections in pediatrics and adults: a WikiGuidelines Group consensus statement. JAMA Netw Open. 2024 Nov 4;7(11):e2444495.Full text  Abstract

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63. Huttner A, Kowalczyk A, Turjeman A, et al. Effect of 5-day nitrofurantoin vs single-dose fosfomycin on clinical resolution of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection in women: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018 May 1;319(17):1781-9.Full text  Abstract

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65. O'Brien KA, Zhang J, Mauldin PD, et al. Impact of a stewardship-initiated restriction on empirical use of ciprofloxacin on nonsusceptibility of Escherichia coli urinary isolates to ciprofloxacin. Pharmacotherapy. 2015 May;35(5):464-9. Abstract

66. Gágyor I, Bleidorn J, Kochen MM, et al. Ibuprofen versus fosfomycin for uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2015 Dec 23;351:h6544.Full text  Abstract

67. Kronenberg A, Bütikofer L, Odutayo A, et al. Symptomatic treatment of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections in the ambulatory setting: randomised, double blind trial. BMJ. 2017 Nov 7;359:j4784.Full text  Abstract

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70. van Nieuwkoop C, van der Starre WE, Stalenhoef JE, et al. Treatment duration of febrile urinary tract infection: a pragmatic randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled non-inferiority trial in men and women. BMC Med. 2017 Apr 3;15(1):70.Full text  Abstract

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79. Epp A, Larochelle A. No. 250-recurrent urinary tract infection. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2017 Oct;39(10):e422-31. Abstract

80. Hickling DR, Nitti VW. Management of recurrent urinary tract infections in healthy adult women. Rev Urol. 2013;15(2):41-8.Full text  Abstract

81. Ahmed H, Davies F, Francis N, et al. Long-term antibiotics for prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ Open. 2017 May 29;7(5):e015233.Full text  Abstract

82. Gupta K, Sahm DF, Mayfield D, et al. Antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens that cause community-acquired urinary tract infections in women: a nationwide analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2001 Jul 1;33(1):89-94. Abstract

83. Gupta K, Hooton TM, Roberts PL, et al. Patient-initiated treatment of uncomplicated recurrent urinary tract infections in young women. Ann Intern Med. 2001 Jul 3;135(1):9-16. Abstract

84. Stapleton AE. The vaginal microbiota and urinary tract infection. Microbiol Spectr. 2016 Dec;4(6):.Full text  Abstract

85. Dueñas-Garcia OF, Sullivan G, Hall CD, et al. Pharmacological agents to decrease new episodes of recurrent lower urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women. A systematic review. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2016 Mar-Apr;22(2):63-9. Abstract

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87. Antoniou V, Somani BK. Topical and oral oestrogen for recurrent urinary tract infection - evidence-based review of literature, treatment recommendations, and correlation with the European Association of Urology guidelines on urological infections. Eur Urol Focus. 2022 Nov;8(6):1768-74. Abstract

88. Kaye KS, Belley A, Barth P, et al. Effect of cefepime/enmetazobactam vs piperacillin/tazobactam on clinical cure and microbiological eradication in patients with complicated urinary tract infection or acute pyelonephritis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2022 Oct 4;328(13):1304-14.Full text  Abstract

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90. Kaye KS, Bhowmick T, Metallidis S, et al. Effect of meropenem-vaborbactam vs piperacillin-tazobactam on clinical cure or improvement and microbial eradication in complicated urinary tract infection: the TANGO I randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018 Feb 27;319(8):788-99.Full text  Abstract

91. Cox G, Ejim L, Stogios PJ, et al. Plazomicin retains antibiotic activity against most aminoglycoside modifying enzymes. ACS Infect Dis. 2018 Jun 8;4(6):980-7. Abstract

92. Wagenlehner FME, Cloutier DJ, Komirenko AS, et al. Once-daily plazomicin for complicated urinary tract infections. N Engl J Med. 2019 Feb 21;380(8):729-40.Full text  Abstract

93. Young, K. Plazomicin noninferior to meropenem for complicated UTI. Feb 2019 [internet publication].Full text

94. Dunne MW, Aronin SI, Das AF, et al. Sulopenem or ciprofloxacin for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women: a phase 3, randomized trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2023 Jan 6;76(1):66-77. Abstract

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97. Portsmouth S, van Veenhuyzen D, Echols R, et al. Cefiderocol versus imipenem-cilastatin for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections caused by gram-negative uropathogens: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018 Dec;18(12):1319-28. Abstract

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100. Stapleton A. Novel approaches to prevention of urinary tract infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2003 Jun;17(2):457-71. Abstract

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102. Huttner A, Hatz C, van den Dobbelsteen G, et al. Safety, immunogenicity, and preliminary clinical efficacy of a vaccine against extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli in women with a history of recurrent urinary tract infection: a randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1b trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017 May;17(5):528-37. Abstract

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104. Nickel JC, Kelly KL, Griffin A, et al. MV140 sublingual vaccine reduces recurrent urinary tract infection in women results from the first North American clinical experience study. Can Urol Assoc J. 2024 Feb;18(2):25-31.Full text  Abstract

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109. Domenici L, Monti M, Bracchi C, et al. D-mannose: a promising support for acute urinary tract infections in women. A pilot study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2016 Jul;20(13):2920-5.Full text  Abstract

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111. Cooper TE, Teng C, Howell M, et al. D-mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Aug 30;8(8):CD013608.Full text  Abstract

112. Hayward G, Mort S, Hay AD, et al. d-Mannose for prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection among women: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2024 Jun 1;184(6):619-28.Full text  Abstract

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122. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Urinary tract infection basics. Jan 2024 [internet publication].Full text

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