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Hipotermia acidental

Última revisão: 20 Aug 2025
Última atualização: 13 Feb 2025

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • exposição ao frio e temperatura corporal <35 °C (<95 °F)
  • comprometimento do estado mental
  • tremores
  • congelamento das extremidades
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • taquipneia, taquicardia, hipertensão
  • depressão respiratória, bradicardia, hipotensão
  • coma e apneia
  • diurese induzida pelo frio
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • trauma
  • afogamento
  • uso de anestesia geral
  • uso indevido de substâncias
  • cognição comprometida
  • hipotireoidismo
  • acidente vascular cerebral (AVC)
  • Doença de Parkinson
  • desabrigo
  • extremidades etárias
  • septicemia Gram-negativa
  • imobilidade
  • uso de determinados medicamentos
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • medição da temperatura central
  • eletrocardiograma (ECG) de 12 derivações
  • Hemograma completo
  • eletrólitos séricos
  • glicemia
  • gasometria arterial
  • exames de coagulação
  • radiografia torácica
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • creatinoquinase sérica
  • níveis de mioglobina
  • CO₂ ao final da expiração
  • ultrassonografia
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

AGUDA

hipotermia leve: >32 °C a 35 °C (>90 °F a 95 °F)

hipotermia moderada ou grave, sem parada cardíaca: ≤32 °C (≤90 °F)

hipotermia moderada ou grave em parada cardíaca: ≤32 °C (≤90 °F)

Colaboradores

Autores

Emmanuel Atta Agaba, MD, FRCSEd, FACS
Emmanuel Atta Agaba

Attending Surgeon

Assistant Professor of Surgery

Montefiore Medical Center at Albert Einstein College of Medicine

Bronx

NY

Declarações

EAA declares that he has no competing interests.

Agradecimentos

Dr Emmanuel Agaba would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Rafael Barrera and Dr Juan Jose Gilbert, previous contributors to this topic.

Declarações

RB and JJG declare that they have no competing interests.

Revisores

Wail Malaty, MD

Clinical Professor

Department of Family Medicine

University of North Carolina

Chapel Hill

Assistant Program Director

MAHEC Rural Family Medicine Residency

Hendersonville

NC

Disclosures

WM declares that he has no competing interests.

James S. Milledge, MBBS

Honorary Professor

Department of Physiology

University College London

London

UK

Disclosures

JSM declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Paal P, Pasquier M, Darocha T, et al. Accidental hypothermia: 2021 update. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(1):501.Full text  Abstract

Lott C, Truhlář A, Alfonzo A, et al. European Resuscitation Council guidelines 2021: cardiac arrest in special circumstances. Resuscitation. 2021 Apr;161:152-219.Full text  Abstract

Panchal AR, Bartos JA, Cabañas JG, et al. Part 3: adult basic and advanced life support: 2020 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2020 Oct 20;142(16 Suppl 2):S366-468.Full text  Abstract

Dow J, Giesbrecht GG, Danzl DF, et al. Wilderness Medical Society clinical practice guidelines for the out-of-hospital evaluation and treatment of accidental hypothermia: 2019 update. Wilderness Environ Med. 2019 Dec;30(4 Suppl):S47-69.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Differentials

    • Sepse
    • Hipotireoidismo
    • Hipoglicemia
    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • European Resuscitation Council guidelines 2021: cardiac arrest in special circumstances
    • European Resuscitation Council guidelines 2021
    More Guidelines
  • Calculators

    Escore Hypothermia outcome prediction after ECLS (HOPE; predição da desfechos da hipotermia após ECLS)

    More Calculators
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