{"id":640,"date":"2017-03-29T12:25:02","date_gmt":"2017-03-29T12:25:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/?page_id=640"},"modified":"2026-07-06T12:18:37","modified_gmt":"2026-07-06T11:18:37","slug":"bibliography","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/evidence\/ebm-toolbox\/bibliography\/","title":{"rendered":"Bibliography of key resources"},"content":{"rendered":"<a name=\"whyebm\"><\/a><br \/>\r\n<h3><strong>WHY EBM?<\/strong><\/h3><br \/>\r\n<ul><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Emparanza JI, Cabello JB and Burls AJE. Does evidence-based practice improve patient outcomes? An analysis of a natural experiment in a Spanish hospital. J Eval Clin Pract 2015;21:1059-1065. <a href=\"https:\/\/ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26516021\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26516021\/<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Kiessling A, Lewitt M, Henriksson P, et al. Case-based training of evidence-based clinical practice in primary care and decreased mortality in patients with coronary heart disease. Ann Fam Med 2011;9:211\u2013218. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21555748\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21555748<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Shuval K, Linn S, Brevis M, et al. Association between primary care physicians&#8217; evidence-based medicine knowledge and quality of care. Int J Qual Health Care 2010;22:16\u201323. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19951965\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19951965<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Barratt A. Evidence based medicine and shared decision making: the challenge of getting both evidence and preferences into health care. Patient Educ Couns 2008;73:407\u2013412. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18845414\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18845414<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Lockwood D, Armstrong M, Grant A. Integrating evidence based medicine into routine clinical practice: seven years&#8217; experience at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London. BMJ 2004;329:1020\u20131023. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15514349\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15514349<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Lucas BP, Evans AT, Reilly BM, et al. The impact of evidence on physicians&#8217; inpatient treatment decisions. J Gen Intern Med 2004;19:402\u2013409. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15109337\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15109337<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Rosenberg W, Donald A. Evidence based medicine: an approach to clinical problem-solving. BMJ 1995;310:1122\u20131126. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/7742682\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/7742682<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n<\/ul><br \/>\r\n<h3><strong>WHAT IS EBM?<\/strong><\/h3><br \/>\r\n<ul><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Greenhalgh T. Evidence based medicine: a movement in crisis? BMJ 2014;348:g3725 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24927763\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24927763<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Glasziou P, What is EBM? Evidence-Based Medicine 2011;16:129-130. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21949274\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21949274<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Dickersin K. Evidence based medicine: increasing, not dictating, choice. BMJ 2007;334:s10 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/334\/suppl_1\/s10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/334\/suppl_1\/s10<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Reilly BM. The essence of EBM. BMJ 2004;329;991\u2013992. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15514321\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15514321<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Sackett DL, Rosenberg W, Gray JA, et al. Evidence-based medicine: what it is and what it isn\u2019t. BMJ 1996;312:71\u201372. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/8555924\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/8555924<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. Evidence-based medicine. A new approach to teaching the practice of medicine. JAMA 1992;268;2420\u20132425. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/1404801\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/1404801<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n<\/ul><br \/>\r\n<strong>Websites<\/strong><br \/>\r\n<ul><br \/>\r\n \t<li>The history of evidence based medicine &#8211; Oral History project from JAMA and The BMJ. Available from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/campaign\/ebm-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/campaign\/ebm-history<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n<\/ul><br \/>\r\n<a name=\"question\"><\/a><br \/>\r\n<h3><strong>CLINICAL QUESTION, SEARCH AND STUDY SELECTION<\/strong><\/h3><br \/>\r\n<ul><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Ioannidis, J. The need to consider the wider agenda in systematic reviews and meta-analyses: breadth, timing, and depth of the evidence. BMJ 2010;341:c4875 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/341\/bmj.c4875\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/341\/bmj.c4875<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Glanville J, Bayliss S, Booth A, et al. So many filters, so little time: the development of a search filter appraisal checklist. J Med Libr Assoc 2008; 96(4):356\u2013361. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2568852\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2568852\/<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Thomas J, Kneale D, McKenzie JE, et al.\u00a0 Chapter 2: Determining the scope of the review and the questions it will address. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.3 (updated February 2022). Cochrane, 2022. Available from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Lefebvre C, Glanville J, Briscoe S, et al. Chapter 4: Searching for and selecting studies. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.3 (updated February 2022). Cochrane, 2022. Available from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook<\/a>.<\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Li T, Higgins JPT and Deeks JJ. Chapter 5: Collecting data. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.3 (updated February 2022). Cochrane, 2022. Available from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook<\/a>.<\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Lefebvre C, Glanville J, Wieland LS, et al. Methodological developments in searching for studies for systematic reviews: past, present and future? Systematic Reviews 2013;2:78. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24066664\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24066664<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n<\/ul><br \/>\r\n<strong>Websites<\/strong><br \/>\r\n<ul><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Asking Focused Questions. Available from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cebm.ox.ac.uk\/resources\/ebm-tools\/asking-focused-questions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.cebm.ox.ac.uk\/resources\/ebm-tools\/asking-focused-questions<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Finding the Evidence 1 \u2013 Using PICO to formulate a search question. Available from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cebm.ox.ac.uk\/resources\/ebm-tools\/\/finding-the-evidence-1-using-pico-to-formulate-a-search-question\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.cebm.ox.ac.uk\/resources\/ebm-tools\/\/finding-the-evidence-1-using-pico-to-formulate-a-search-question<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>The InterTASC Information Specialists&#8217; Sub-Group (ISSG) Search Filters Resource: Available from <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/a\/york.ac.uk\/issg-search-filters-resource\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/sites.google.com\/a\/york.ac.uk\/issg-search-filters-resource\/<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>U.S. National Library of Medicine. PubMed Special Queries. Available from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/bsd\/special_queries.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/bsd\/special_queries.html<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n<\/ul><br \/>\r\n<a name=\"appraisal\"><\/a><br \/>\r\n<h3>CRITICAL APPRAISAL SKILLS<\/h3><br \/>\r\n<ul><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Boutron I, Page MJ, Higgins JPT, et al. Chapter 7: Considering bias and conflicts of interest among the included studies. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.3 (updated February 2022). Cochrane, 2022. Available from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Higgins JPT, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, et al. Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in a randomized trial. \u00a0In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.3 (updated February 2022). Cochrane, 2022. Available from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Page MJ, Higgins JPT and Sterne JAC. Chapter 13: Assessing risk of bias due to missing results in a synthesis. \u00a0In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.3 (updated February 2022). Cochrane, 2022. Available from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li aria-level=\"1\">Sterne JAC, Hern\u00e1n MA, McAleenan A, et al. Chapter 25: Assessing risk of bias in a non-randomized study. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.3 (updated February 2022). Cochrane, 2022. Available from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Sedgwick P. Bias in experimental study designs: randomised controlled trials with parallel groups. BMJ 2015;351. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/351\/bmj.h3869\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/351\/bmj.h3869<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Windish D. Searching for the right evidence: how to answer your clinical questions using the 6S hierarchy. Evidence-Based Medicine 2013;18:93-97. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23048189\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23048189<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, et al. What is &#8220;quality of evidence&#8221; and why is it important to clinicians? BMJ 2008;336:995\u2013998. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18456631\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18456631<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Haynes RB. Of studies, syntheses, synopses, summaries, and systems: the &#8220;5S&#8221; evolution of information services for evidence-based healthcare decisions. Evid Based Med 2006;11:162\u2013164. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17213159\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17213159<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Barton S. Which clinical studies provide the best evidence? BMJ 2000;321(7256):255\u2013256. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1118259\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1118259\/<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Greenhalgh T. How to read a paper. Assessing the methodological quality of published papers. BMJ 1997;315:305\u2013308. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9274555\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9274555<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Greenhalgh T. How to read a paper. Getting your bearings (deciding what the paper is about). BMJ 1997;315:243\u2013246. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9253275\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9253275<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Jaeschke R, Guyatt G, Sackett DL. Users&#8217; guides to the medical literature. III. How to use an article about a diagnostic test. A. Are the results of the study valid? Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. JAMA 1994;271:389-391. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/gim\/_pdf\/JAMA\/3A-Diagnostic_Test.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/gim\/_pdf\/JAMA\/3A-Diagnostic_Test.pdf<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Jaeschke R, Guyatt GH, Sackett DL. Users&#8217; guides to the medical literature. III. How to use an article about a diagnostic test. B. What are the results and will they help me in caring for my patients? The Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. JAMA 1994;271:703-707. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/gim\/_pdf\/JAMA\/3B-Diagnostic_Test.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/gim\/_pdf\/JAMA\/3B-Diagnostic_Test.pdf<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n<\/ul><br \/>\r\n<strong>Websites<\/strong><br \/>\r\n<ul><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Catalogue of Bias. Available from <a href=\"https:\/\/catalogofbias.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/catalogofbias.org\/<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Critical Appraisal tools. Available from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cebm.net\/2014\/06\/critical-appraisal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.cebm.net\/2014\/06\/critical-appraisal\/\u00a0<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials. CONSORT Statement and Extensions. Available from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.consort-statement.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.consort-statement.org\/<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. CASP checklists. Available from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.casp-uk.net\/casp-tools-checklists\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.casp-uk.net\/casp-tools-checklists<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. PRISMA Statement. Available from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.prisma-statement.org\/PRISMAStatement\/Default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.prisma-statement.org\/PRISMAStatement\/Default.aspx<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Critical Appraisal: Notes and checklists. Available from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sign.ac.uk\/what-we-do\/methodology\/checklists\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.sign.ac.uk\/methodology\/checklists.html<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n<\/ul><br \/>\r\n<a name=\"stats\"><\/a><br \/>\r\n<h3>UNDERSTANDING STATISTICS<\/h3><br \/>\r\n<ul><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Sedgwick P. What is significance? BMJ 2015;350:h3475 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/350\/bmj.h3475\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/350\/bmj.h3475<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Sedgwick P. What are the risks? BMJ 2015;350:h2931 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/350\/bmj.h2931\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/350\/bmj.h2931<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Sedgwick P. Clinical significance versus statistical significance. BMJ 2014;348:g2130 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/348\/bmj.g2130\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/348\/bmj.g2130<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Understanding statistical terms: 5. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Drug Ther Bull 2009;47:95\u201396. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19654420\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19654420<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Understanding statistical terms: 4. Diagnostic tests. Drug Ther Bull 2009;47:71\u201372. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19494344\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19494344<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Understanding statistical terms: 3. Topics to do with study design. Drug Ther Bull 2009;47:59\u201360. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19423679\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19423679<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Understanding statistical terms: 2. Drug Ther Bull 2009;47:35\u201336. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19261839\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19261839<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Understanding statistical terms: 1. Drug Ther Bull 2009;47:22\u201324. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19193703\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19193703<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Hatala R, Keitz S, Wyer P, et al. Tips for learners of evidence-based medicine: 4. Assessing heterogeneity of primary studies in systematic reviews and whether to combine their results. CMAJ 2005;172:661\u2013665. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15738493\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15738493<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Barratt A, WYer PC, Hatala R, et al. Tips for learners of evidence-based medicine: 1. Relative risk reduction, absolute risk reduction and number needed to treat. CMAJ 2004;171:353\u2013358. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15313996\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15313996<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Montori VM, Kleinbart J, Newman TB, et al. Tips for learners of evidence-based medicine: 2. Measures of precision (confidence intervals). CMAJ 2004;171:611\u2013615. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15367466\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15367466<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Greenhalgh T. How to read a paper. Statistics for the non-statistician II: significant relationships and their pitfalls. BMJ 1997;315:422\u2013425. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9277611\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9277611<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Greenhalgh T. How to read a paper. Statistics for the non-statistician I: different types of data need different statistical tests. BMJ 1997;315:364\u2013366. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9270463\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/927046<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n<\/ul><br \/>\r\n<strong>Websites<\/strong><br \/>\r\n<ul><br \/>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learning.bmj.com\/learning\/module-intro\/.html?moduleId=5003158\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BMJ Learning Understanding statistics 1: presenting data from clinical trials<\/a>\u00a0An interactive module which outlines the basics of different ways of presenting statistical data from a clinical trial.<\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learning.bmj.com\/learning\/module-intro\/.html?moduleId=5001080\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BMJ Learning Understanding statistics 2: \u00a0is there a significant difference?<\/a>\u00a0 An interactive module which uses practical examples to work through to help you learn how to interpret the results of a trial, including what statistical significance means.<\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/specialties\/statistics-notes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BMJ Statistics Notes<\/a> Co-written by Martin Bland and Doug Altman (with some exceptions) these notes cover everything from basic to more advanced medical statistics with practical examples. A complete list of BMJ Statistics Notes is available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www-users.york.ac.uk\/~mb55\/pubs\/pbstnote.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www-users.york.ac.uk\/~mb55\/pubs\/pbstnote.htm<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n<\/ul><br \/>\r\n<a name=\"analysis\"><\/a><br \/>\r\n<h3>UNDERSTANDING META-ANALYSIS<\/h3><br \/>\r\n<ul><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Perera R, Heneghan C. Interpreting meta-analysis in systematic reviews. Evid Based Med 2008;13:67\u201369. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18515615\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18515615<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Greenhalgh T. How to read a paper. Papers that summarise other papers (systematic reviews and meta-analyses). BMJ 1997;315:672\u2013675. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9310574\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9310574<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n<\/ul><br \/>\r\n<a name=\"grade\"><\/a><br \/>\r\n<h3>GRADE<\/h3><br \/>\r\n<ul><br \/>\r\n \t<li>GRADE Series. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jclinepi.com\/content\/jce-GRADE-Series\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.jclinepi.com\/content\/jce-GRADE-Series<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n<\/ul><br \/>\r\n<a name=\"practice\"><\/a><br \/>\r\n<h3>EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE AND SHARED DECISION MAKING<\/h3><br \/>\r\n<ul><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Daly RL, Bunn F and Goodman C. Shared decision-making for people living with dementia in extended care settings: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2018;8:e018977. <a href=\"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/content\/8\/6\/e018977\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/content\/8\/6\/e018977<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Walsh, K. Online clinical decision support: how it is used at the point-of-care. BMJ Simulation and Technology Enhanced Learning 2017; 0: 1-2 <a href=\"https:\/\/stel.bmj.com\/content\/early\/2017\/01\/05\/bmjstel-2016-000170.info\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/stel.bmj.com\/content\/early\/2017\/01\/05\/bmjstel-2016-000170.info<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>McCartney M, Treadwell J, Maskrey N, et al. Making evidence based medicine work for individual patients. BMJ 2016; 353. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/353\/bmj.i2452\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/353\/bmj.i2452<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Agoritsas T, Heen AF, Brandt L, et al. Decision aids that really promote shared decision making: the pace quickens. BMJ 2015;350. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25670178\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25670178<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Stiggelbout AM, Van der Weijden T, De Wit MPT, et al. Shared decision making: really putting patients at the centre of healthcare. BMJ 2012;344 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22286508\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22286508<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Kitson A, Straus SE. The knowledge-to-action cycle: identifying the gaps. CMAJ 2010;182:E73\u2013E77. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19948812\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19948812<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Whitely R. Cultural competence, evidence-based medicine, and evidence-based practices. Psychiatr Serv 2007;58:1588\u20131590. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18048561\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18048561<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Hasnain-Wynia R. Is evidence-based medicine patient-centered and is patient-centered care evidence-based? Health Serv Res 2006;41:1\u20138. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16479681\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16479681<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Guyatt G, Cook D, Haynes B. Evidence based medicine has come a long way. BMJ 2004;329;990\u2013991. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15514320\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15514320<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Kotaska A. Inappropriate use of randomised trials to evaluate complex phenomena: case study of vaginal breech delivery. BMJ 2004;329:1039\u20131042. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15514356\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15514356<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Lockwood S. &#8220;Evidence of me&#8221; in evidence based medicine? BMJ 2004;329;1033\u20131035. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15514354\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15514354<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Slowther A, Ford S, Schofield T. Ethics of evidence based medicine in the primary care setting. J Med Ethics 2004;30:151\u2013155. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15082808\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15082808<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>White B. Making evidence-based medicine doable in everyday practice. Fam Pract Manag 2004;11:51\u201358. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15011482\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15011482<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Schattner A, Fletcher RH. Research evidence and the individual patient. QJM 2003;96:1\u20135. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12509644\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12509644<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n<\/ul><br \/>\r\n<b>Websites<\/b><br \/>\r\n<ul><br \/>\r\n \t<li>BMJ Rapid Recommendations. Available from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/rapid-recommendations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/rapid-recommendations<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Cochrane Knowledge Translation. Available from <a href=\"https:\/\/community.cochrane.org\/review-production\/knowledge-translation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/community.cochrane.org\/review-production\/knowledge-translation<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>Knowledge Translation Unit. Available from <a href=\"https:\/\/knowledgetranslation.co.za\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/knowledgetranslation.co.za\/<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n \t<li>National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Shared decision making and patient decision aids. Available from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/about\/what-we-do\/our-programmes\/nice-guidance\/nice-guidelines\/shared-decision-making\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/about\/what-we-do\/our-programmes\/nice-guidance\/nice-guidelines\/shared-decision-making<\/a><\/li><br \/>\r\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>WHY EBM? Emparanza JI, Cabello JB and Burls AJE. Does evidence-based practice improve patient outcomes? An analysis of a natural experiment in a Spanish hospital. J Eval Clin Pract 2015;21:1059-1065. https:\/\/ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26516021\/ Kiessling A, Lewitt M, Henriksson P, et al. Case-based training of evidence-based clinical practice in primary care and decreased mortality in patients with coronary [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":808,"menu_order":17,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"marketing_new.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-640","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"components":[{"choose_component":"generic","hide":"","logged_in":"","logged_out":"","grey_background":"","background_color":"","background_image":null,"title_text_color":"","title":"Bibliography of key resources: an introduction to the concepts of EBM","text":"<h3><strong>WHY EBM?<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Emparanza JI, Cabello JB and Burls AJE. Does evidence-based practice improve patient outcomes? <a href=\"https:\/\/ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26516021\/\">An analysis of a natural experiment in a Spanish hospital<\/a>. J Eval Clin Pract. 2015;21:1059-65.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Kiessling A, Lewitt M, Henriksson P, et al. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21555748\">Case-based training of evidence-based clinical practice in primary care and decreased mortality in patients with coronary heart disease<\/a>. Ann Fam Med. 2011;9:211\u20138.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Shuval K, Linn S, Brevis M, et al. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19951965\">Association between primary care physicians' evidence-based medicine knowledge and quality of care<\/a>. Int J Qual Health Care. 2010;22:16\u201323.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Barratt A. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18845414\">Evidence based medicine and shared decision making: the challenge of getting both evidence and preferences into health care<\/a>. Patient Educ Couns. 2008;73:407\u201312.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Lockwood D, Armstrong M, Grant A. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15514349\">Integrating evidence based medicine into routine clinical practice: seven years' experience at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London<\/a>. BMJ. 2004;329:1020\u20133.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Lucas BP, Evans AT, Reilly BM, et al. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15109337\">The impact of evidence on physicians' inpatient treatment decisions<\/a>. J Gen Intern Med. 2004;19:402\u20139.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Rosenberg W, Donald A. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/7742682\">Evidence based medicine: an approach to clinical problem-solving<\/a>. BMJ. 1995;310:1122\u20136.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><strong>WHAT IS EBM?<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Greenhalgh T. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24927763\">Evidence based medicine: a movement in crisis<\/a>? BMJ. 2014;348:g3725<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Glasziou P, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21949274\">What is EBM?<\/a> Evidence-Based Medicine. 2011;16:129-30.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Dickersin K. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/334\/suppl_1\/s10\">Evidence based medicine: increasing, not dictating, choice<\/a>. BMJ. 2007;334:s10.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Reilly BM. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15514321\">The essence of EBM<\/a>. BMJ. 2004;329;991\u20132.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Sackett DL, Rosenberg W, Gray JA, et al. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/8555924\">Evidence-based medicine: what it is and what it isn\u2019t<\/a>. BMJ. 1996;312:71\u20132.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/1404801\">Evidence-based medicine. A new approach to teaching the practice of medicine<\/a>. JAMA. 1992;268;2420\u20135.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Websites<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/campaign\/ebm-history\">The history of evidence based medicine - Oral History project from JAMA and The BMJ<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><strong>CLINICAL QUESTION, SEARCH, AND STUDY SELECTION<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Ioannidis, J. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/341\/bmj.c4875\">The need to consider the wider agenda in systematic reviews and meta-analyses: breadth, timing, and depth of the evidence<\/a>. BMJ. 2010;341:c4875.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Glanville J, Bayliss S, Booth A, et al. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2568852\/\">So many filters, so little time: the development of a search filter appraisal checklist<\/a>. J Med Libr Assoc. 2008; 96(4):356\u201361.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Thomas J, Kneale D, McKenzie JE, et al.\u00a0 Chapter 2: Determining the scope of the review and the questions it will address. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editors). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook\">Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.3<\/a> (updated February 2022). Cochrane, 2022<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Lefebvre C, Glanville J, Briscoe S, et al. Chapter 4: Searching for and selecting studies. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editors). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook\">Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.3<\/a> (updated February 2022). Cochrane, 2022.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Li T, Higgins JPT and Deeks JJ. Chapter 5: Collecting data. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editors). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook\">Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.3<\/a> (updated February 2022). Cochrane, 2022.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Lefebvre C, Glanville J, Wieland LS, et al. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24066664\">Methodological developments in searching for studies for systematic reviews: past, present and future?<\/a> Systematic Reviews. 2013;2:78.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Websites<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cebm.ox.ac.uk\/resources\/ebm-tools\/asking-focused-questions\">Asking Focused Questions<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cebm.ox.ac.uk\/resources\/ebm-tools\/\/finding-the-evidence-1-using-pico-to-formulate-a-search-question\">Finding the Evidence 1 \u2013 Using PICO to formulate a search question<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/a\/york.ac.uk\/issg-search-filters-resource\/\">The InterTASC Information Specialists' Sub-Group (ISSG) Search Filters Resource<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>U.S. National Library of Medicine. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/bsd\/special_queries.html\">PubMed Special Queries<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><strong>CRITICAL APPRAISAL SKILLS<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Boutron I, Page MJ, Higgins JPT, et al. Chapter 7: Considering bias and conflicts of interest among the included studies. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, et al (eds). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook\">Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.3<\/a> (updated February 2022). Cochrane, 2022.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Higgins JPT, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, et al. Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in a randomized trial. \u00a0In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, et al (eds). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook\">Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.3<\/a> (updated February 2022). Cochrane, 2022.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Page MJ, Higgins JPT and Sterne JAC. Chapter 13: Assessing risk of bias due to missing results in a synthesis. \u00a0In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, et al (eds). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook\">Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.3<\/a> (updated February 2022). Cochrane, 2022.<\/li>\r\n \t<li aria-level=\"1\">Sterne JAC, Hern\u00e1n MA, McAleenan A, et al. Chapter 25: Assessing risk of bias in a non-randomized study. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, et al (eds). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook\">Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.3<\/a> (updated February 2022). Cochrane, 2022.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Sedgwick P. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/351\/bmj.h3869\">Bias in experimental study designs: randomised controlled trials with parallel group<\/a>s. BMJ. 2015;351.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Windish D. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23048189\">Searching for the right evidence: how to answer your clinical questions using the 6S hierarchy<\/a>. Evidence-Based Medicine. 2013;18:93-7.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, et al. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18456631\">What is \"quality of evidence\" and why is it important to clinicians?<\/a> BMJ. 2008;336:995\u20138.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Haynes RB. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17213159\">Of studies, syntheses, synopses, summaries, and systems: the \"5S\" evolution of information services for evidence-based healthcare decisions<\/a>. Evid Based Med. 2006;11:162\u20134.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Barton S. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1118259\/\">Which clinical studies provide the best evidence?<\/a> BMJ. 2000;321(7256):255\u20136.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Greenhalgh T. How to read a paper. Assessing the methodological quality of published papers. BMJ. 1997;315:305\u20138.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Greenhalgh T. How to read a paper. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9253275\">Getting your bearings (deciding what the paper is about)<\/a>. BMJ. 1997;315:243\u20136.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Jaeschke R, Guyatt G, Sackett DL. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/8283589\/\">Users' guides to the medical literature. III. How to use an article about a diagnostic test. A. Are the results of the study valid?<\/a> JAMA. 1994;271:389-91.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Jaeschke R, Guyatt GH, Sackett DL. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/8309035\/\">Users' guides to the medical literature. III. How to use an article about a diagnostic test. B. What are the results and will they help me in caring for my patients?<\/a> JAMA. 1994;271:703-7.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Websites<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/catalogofbias.org\/\">Catalogue of Bias<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cebm.net\/2014\/06\/critical-appraisal\/\">Critical Appraisal tools<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.consort-statement.org\/\">CONSORT Statement and Extensions<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.casp-uk.net\/casp-tools-checklists\">CASP checklists<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.prisma-statement.org\/prisma-2020\">PRISMA Statement<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sign.ac.uk\/methodology\/checklists.html\">Critical Appraisal: Notes and checklists<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><strong>UNDERSTANDING STATISTICS<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Sedgwick P. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/350\/bmj.h3475\">What is significance?<\/a> BMJ. 2015;350:h3475<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Sedgwick P. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/350\/bmj.h2931\">What are the risks?<\/a> BMJ. 2015;350:h2931<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Sedgwick P. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/348\/bmj.g2130\">Clinical significance versus statistical significance<\/a>. BMJ. 2014;348:g2130<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19654420\">Understanding statistical terms: 5. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis<\/a>. Drug Ther Bull. 2009;47:95\u20136.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19494344\">Understanding statistical terms: 4. Diagnostic tests<\/a>. Drug Ther Bull. 2009;47:71\u20132.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19423679\">Understanding statistical terms: 3. Topics to do with study design<\/a>. Drug Ther Bull. 2009;47:59\u201360.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19261839\">Understanding statistical terms: 2<\/a>. Drug Ther Bull. 2009;47:35\u20136.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19193703\">Understanding statistical terms: 1<\/a>. Drug Ther Bull. 2009;47:22\u20134.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Hatala R, Keitz S, Wyer P, et al. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15738493\">Tips for learners of evidence-based medicine: 4. Assessing heterogeneity of primary studies in systematic reviews and whether to combine their results<\/a>. CMAJ. 2005;172:661\u20135.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Barratt A, WYer PC, Hatala R, et al. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15313996\">Tips for learners of evidence-based medicine: 1. Relative risk reduction, absolute risk reduction and number needed to treat<\/a>. CMAJ. 2004;171:353\u20138.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Montori VM, Kleinbart J, Newman TB, et al. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15367466\">Tips for learners of evidence-based medicine: 2. Measures of precision (confidence intervals)<\/a>. CMAJ, 2004;171:611\u20135.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Greenhalgh T. How to read a paper. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9277611\">Statistics for the non-statistician II: significant relationships and their pitfalls<\/a>. BMJ. 1997;315:422\u20135.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Greenhalgh T. How to read a paper. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/927046\">Statistics for the non-statistician I: different types of data need different statistical tests<\/a>. BMJ. 1997;315:364\u20136.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Websites<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/specialties\/statistics-notes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BMJ Statistics Notes<\/a> Co-written by Martin Bland and Doug Altman (with some exceptions), these notes cover everything from basic to more advanced medical statistics with practical examples. A complete list of BMJ Statistics Notes is available <a href=\"https:\/\/www-users.york.ac.uk\/~mb55\/pubs\/pbstnote.htm\">here<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><strong>UNDERSTANDING META-ANALYSIS<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Perera R, Heneghan C. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18515615\/\">Interpreting meta-analysis in systematic reviews<\/a>. Evid Based Med. 2008;13:67\u20139.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Greenhalgh T. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9310574\">How to read a paper.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9310574\">Papers that summarise other papers (systematic reviews and meta-analyses)<\/a>. BMJ. 1997;315:672\u20135.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><strong>GRADE<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jclinepi.com\/article\/S0895-4356(10)00329-X\/fulltext\">Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. GRADE Series<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/url.uk.m.mimecastprotect.com\/s\/-5ZhCyplohLGVJ5tZfDFxKEZo?domain=bmj.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/url.uk.m.mimecastprotect.com\/s\/-5ZhCyplohLGVJ5tZfDFxKEZo?domain%3Dbmj.com&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1765536386667000&amp;usg=AOvVaw3XGeMd6Agxo_0Q3vVDUhvv\">Why Core GRADE is needed: introduction to a new series in The BMJ<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/url.uk.m.mimecastprotect.com\/s\/cNwXCzqPvU4XVnofXhYF9bCF8?domain=bmj.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/url.uk.m.mimecastprotect.com\/s\/cNwXCzqPvU4XVnofXhYF9bCF8?domain%3Dbmj.com&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1765536386668000&amp;usg=AOvVaw01GeJjS2KfrYvXAw8q3vdA\">Core GRADE 1: overview of the Core GRADE approach<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/url.uk.m.mimecastprotect.com\/s\/OsWiCA8qNhExqVAt9inFGAN5v?domain=bmj.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/url.uk.m.mimecastprotect.com\/s\/OsWiCA8qNhExqVAt9inFGAN5v?domain%3Dbmj.com&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1765536386668000&amp;usg=AOvVaw3NZbl1phBiUGeZ84ifP64a\">Core GRADE 2: choosing the target of certainty rating and assessing imprecision<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/url.uk.m.mimecastprotect.com\/s\/78EACB1oNH8x2A5IjsJF2OmaM?domain=bmj.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/url.uk.m.mimecastprotect.com\/s\/78EACB1oNH8x2A5IjsJF2OmaM?domain%3Dbmj.com&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1765536386668000&amp;usg=AOvVaw3M7y8nZ55kdZyBiskpfFty\">Core GRADE 3: rating certainty of evidence\u2014assessing inconsistency<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/url.uk.m.mimecastprotect.com\/s\/qxRFCDwN1h37GMltltjFjUMxW?domain=bmj.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/url.uk.m.mimecastprotect.com\/s\/qxRFCDwN1h37GMltltjFjUMxW?domain%3Dbmj.com&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1765536386668000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1vHQaeWEZVaLXbcFBG1mrW\">Core GRADE 4: rating certainty of evidence\u2014risk of bias, publication bias, and reasons for rating up certainty<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/url.uk.m.mimecastprotect.com\/s\/SgyICEKO8cpwXn5sQuMF7YSmT?domain=bmj.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/url.uk.m.mimecastprotect.com\/s\/SgyICEKO8cpwXn5sQuMF7YSmT?domain%3Dbmj.com&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1765536386668000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2mkKll9IpcXdnCSkTnrLHu\">Core GRADE 5: rating certainty of evidence\u2014assessing indirectness<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/url.uk.m.mimecastprotect.com\/s\/x37zCGwnvhArXq5i1C0FB1dMm?domain=bmj.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/url.uk.m.mimecastprotect.com\/s\/x37zCGwnvhArXq5i1C0FB1dMm?domain%3Dbmj.com&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1765536386668000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1qYQMdsZBPbEnWj7Em7kyq\">Core GRADE 6: presenting the evidence in summary of findings tables<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><strong>EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE AND SHARED DECISION MAKING<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Daly RL, Bunn F and Goodman C. <a href=\"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/content\/8\/6\/e018977\">Shared decision-making for people living with dementia in extended care settings: a systematic review<\/a>. BMJ Open. 2018;8:e018977.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Walsh, K. <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8936652\">Online clinical decision support: how it is used at the point-of-care<\/a>. BMJ. 2017;0:1-2<\/li>\r\n \t<li>McCartney M, Treadwell J, Maskrey N, et al. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/353\/bmj.i2452\">Making evidence based medicine work for individual patients<\/a>. BMJ. 2016;353.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Agoritsas T, Heen AF, Brandt L, et al. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25670178\">Decision aids that really promote shared decision making: the pace quickens<\/a>. BMJ. 2015;350.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Stiggelbout AM, Van der Weijden T, De Wit MPT, et al. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22286508\">Shared decision making: really putting patients at the centre of healthcare<\/a>. BMJ. 2012;344<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Kitson A, Straus SE. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19948812\">The knowledge-to-action cycle: identifying the gaps<\/a>. CMAJ. 2010;182:E73\u20137.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Whitely R. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18048561\">Cultural competence, evidence-based medicine, and evidence-based practices<\/a>. Psychiatr Serv. 2007;58:1588\u201390.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Hasnain-Wynia R. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16479681\">Is evidence-based medicine patient-centered and is patient-centered care evidence-based?<\/a> Health Serv Res. 2006;41:1\u20138.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Guyatt G, Cook D, Haynes B. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15514320\">Evidence based medicine has come a long way<\/a>. BMJ. 2004;329;990\u20131.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Kotaska A. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15514356\">Inappropriate use of randomised trials to evaluate complex phenomena: case study of vaginal breech delivery<\/a>. BMJ. 2004;329:1039\u201342.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Lockwood S. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15514354\">\"Evidence of me\" in evidence based medicine?<\/a> BMJ. 2004;329;1033\u20135.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Slowther A, Ford S, Schofield T. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15082808\">Ethics of evidence based medicine in the primary care setting<\/a>. J Med Ethics. 2004;30:151\u20135.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>White B. Making evidence-based medicine doable in everyday practice. Fam Pract Manag 2004;11:51\u201358. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15011482\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15011482<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Schattner A, Fletcher RH. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12509644\">Research evidence and the individual patient<\/a>. QJM. 2003;96:1\u20135.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<b>Websites<\/b>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/rapid-recommendations\">BMJ Rapid Recommendations.<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/community.cochrane.org\/review-production\/knowledge-translation\">Cochrane Knowledge Translation<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/knowledgetranslation.co.za\/\">Knowledge Translation Unit<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/about\/what-we-do\/our-programmes\/nice-guidance\/nice-guidelines\/shared-decision-making\">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) shared decision making and patient decision aids<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","image":null,"qr_image":null,"circular_image":null,"button_text":"","button_url":"","button2_text":"","button2_url":"","video_embed":"","quote":"","quote_author":"","author_job_title":"","feature_iconsimages":null,"bullets":"none","bullet_text":null,"expiration_date":null,"review_type":"normal","reviews":null,"feature_image_cards":null,"feature_icon_cards":null,"podcast_date":null,"podcast_title":"","podcast_text":"","podcast_embed_script":"","campaign_advert_link":"","monthly":{"show_monthly_tab":false,"strikethrough_price":"","price_text":"","per_month_text":"","vat_text":"","subscribe_button_text":"","subscribe_button_link":""},"annual":{"show_annual_tab":false,"packages":null,"default_price":"","default_strikethrough_price":"","default_per_year_text":"","vat_text":"","subscribe_button_text":"","subscribe_button_link":""},"advisory_panel":null,"article_list_fields":null,"subscription_tab_main_heading":"","subscription_tabs":null,"accordion_for_page":null,"embed_code":"","table_structure":null,"column_two_text":""},{"choose_component":"bulletList","hide":"","logged_in":"","logged_out":"","grey_background":[],"background_color":"","background_image":null,"title_text_color":"","title":"Related links","text":"","image":null,"qr_image":null,"circular_image":null,"button_text":"","button_url":"","button2_text":"","button2_url":"","video_embed":"","quote":"","quote_author":"","author_job_title":"","feature_iconsimages":null,"bullets":"ticks","bullet_text":[{"text_data":"<a href=\"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/evidence\/ebm-toolbox\/critical-appraisal-checklists\/\">Critical appraisal checklists<\/a>","bullet_icon_url":""},{"text_data":"<a href=\"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/evidence\/ebm-toolbox\/statistics-calculators\/\">Statistics calculators<\/a>","bullet_icon_url":""},{"text_data":"<a href=\"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/evidence\/ebm-toolbox\/a-glossary-of-ebm-terms\/\">Glossary of EBM terms<\/a>","bullet_icon_url":""},{"text_data":"<a href=\"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/evidence\/ebm-toolbox\/a-glossary-of-health-economics-terms\/\">Glossary of health economics terms<\/a>","bullet_icon_url":""},{"text_data":"<a href=\"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/evidence\/ebm-toolbox\/links-to-other-ebm-resources\/\">Links to other EBM resources<\/a>","bullet_icon_url":""}],"expiration_date":null,"review_type":"normal","reviews":null,"feature_image_cards":null,"feature_icon_cards":null,"podcast_date":null,"podcast_title":"","podcast_text":"","podcast_embed_script":"","campaign_advert_link":"","monthly":{"show_monthly_tab":false,"strikethrough_price":"","price_text":"","per_month_text":"","vat_text":"","subscribe_button_text":"","subscribe_button_link":""},"annual":{"show_annual_tab":false,"packages":null,"default_price":"","default_strikethrough_price":"","default_per_year_text":"","vat_text":"","subscribe_button_text":"","subscribe_button_link":""},"advisory_panel":null,"article_list_fields":null,"subscription_tab_main_heading":"","subscription_tabs":null,"accordion_for_page":null,"embed_code":"","table_structure":null,"column_two_text":""},{"choose_component":"generic","hide":["yes"],"logged_in":"","logged_out":"","grey_background":"","background_color":"","background_image":null,"title_text_color":"","title":"Log in or subscribe to access all of BMJ Best Practice","text":"<div><a class=\"cc-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/log-in\"><button>Personal subscription or user profile<\/button><\/a><\/div>\r\n<div><a class=\"cc-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/access-through-your-institution\/\"><button>Access through your institution<\/button><\/a><\/div>\r\n<div><a class=\"cc-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/subscribe\/\"><button>Subscription options<\/button><\/a><\/div>","image":null,"qr_image":null,"circular_image":null,"button_text":"","button_url":"","button2_text":"","button2_url":"","video_embed":"","quote":"","quote_author":"","author_job_title":"","feature_iconsimages":null,"bullets":"none","bullet_text":null,"expiration_date":null,"review_type":"normal","reviews":null,"feature_image_cards":null,"feature_icon_cards":null,"podcast_date":null,"podcast_title":"","podcast_text":"","podcast_embed_script":"","campaign_advert_link":"","monthly":{"show_monthly_tab":false,"strikethrough_price":"","price_text":"","per_month_text":"","vat_text":"","subscribe_button_text":"","subscribe_button_link":""},"annual":{"show_annual_tab":false,"packages":null,"default_price":"","default_strikethrough_price":"","default_per_year_text":"","vat_text":"","subscribe_button_text":"","subscribe_button_link":""},"advisory_panel":null,"article_list_fields":null,"subscription_tab_main_heading":"","subscription_tabs":null,"accordion_for_page":null,"embed_code":"","table_structure":null,"column_two_text":""}],"sticky_cta_text":"","sticky_cta_link":"","display_content_search":false,"seo_schema":""},"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 4.9.9 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Provides a bibliography of and links to key evidence-based medicine resources\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/evidence\/ebm-toolbox\/bibliography\/\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO Pro (AIOSEO) 4.9.9\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestpractice.bmj.com\\\/info\\\/evidence\\\/ebm-toolbox\\\/bibliography\\\/#breadcrumblist\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestpractice.bmj.com\\\/info#listItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestpractice.bmj.com\\\/info\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestpractice.bmj.com\\\/info\\\/evidence\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Evidence\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestpractice.bmj.com\\\/info\\\/evidence\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Evidence\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestpractice.bmj.com\\\/info\\\/evidence\\\/\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestpractice.bmj.com\\\/info\\\/evidence\\\/ebm-toolbox\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"EBM Tools\"},\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestpractice.bmj.com\\\/info#listItem\",\"name\":\"Home\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestpractice.bmj.com\\\/info\\\/evidence\\\/ebm-toolbox\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"EBM Tools\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestpractice.bmj.com\\\/info\\\/evidence\\\/ebm-toolbox\\\/\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestpractice.bmj.com\\\/info\\\/evidence\\\/ebm-toolbox\\\/bibliography\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Bibliography of key resources\"},\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestpractice.bmj.com\\\/info\\\/evidence\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Evidence\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestpractice.bmj.com\\\/info\\\/evidence\\\/ebm-toolbox\\\/bibliography\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Bibliography of key resources\",\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestpractice.bmj.com\\\/info\\\/evidence\\\/ebm-toolbox\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"EBM Tools\"}}]},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestpractice.bmj.com\\\/info\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"BMJ\",\"description\":\"Straight to the Point of Care\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestpractice.bmj.com\\\/info\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestpractice.bmj.com\\\/info\\\/evidence\\\/ebm-toolbox\\\/bibliography\\\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestpractice.bmj.com\\\/info\\\/evidence\\\/ebm-toolbox\\\/bibliography\\\/\",\"name\":\"Bibliography of key resources | BMJ Best Practice\",\"description\":\"Provides a bibliography of and links to key evidence-based medicine resources\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestpractice.bmj.com\\\/info\\\/#website\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestpractice.bmj.com\\\/info\\\/evidence\\\/ebm-toolbox\\\/bibliography\\\/#breadcrumblist\"},\"datePublished\":\"2017-03-29T12:25:02+01:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-06T12:18:37+01:00\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestpractice.bmj.com\\\/info\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestpractice.bmj.com\\\/info\\\/\",\"name\":\"BMJ Best Practice\",\"description\":\"Straight to the Point of Care\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestpractice.bmj.com\\\/info\\\/#organization\"}}]}\n\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro -->\r\n\t\t<title>Bibliography of key resources | BMJ Best Practice<\/title>\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"Bibliography of key resources | BMJ Best Practice","description":"Provides a bibliography of and links to key evidence-based medicine resources","canonical_url":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/evidence\/ebm-toolbox\/bibliography\/","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/evidence\/ebm-toolbox\/bibliography\/#breadcrumblist","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info#listItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/evidence\/#listItem","name":"Evidence"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/evidence\/#listItem","position":2,"name":"Evidence","item":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/evidence\/","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/evidence\/ebm-toolbox\/#listItem","name":"EBM Tools"},"previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info#listItem","name":"Home"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/evidence\/ebm-toolbox\/#listItem","position":3,"name":"EBM Tools","item":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/evidence\/ebm-toolbox\/","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/evidence\/ebm-toolbox\/bibliography\/#listItem","name":"Bibliography of key resources"},"previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/evidence\/#listItem","name":"Evidence"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/evidence\/ebm-toolbox\/bibliography\/#listItem","position":4,"name":"Bibliography of key resources","previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/evidence\/ebm-toolbox\/#listItem","name":"EBM Tools"}}]},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/#organization","name":"BMJ","description":"Straight to the Point of Care","url":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/evidence\/ebm-toolbox\/bibliography\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/evidence\/ebm-toolbox\/bibliography\/","name":"Bibliography of key resources | BMJ Best Practice","description":"Provides a bibliography of and links to key evidence-based medicine resources","inLanguage":"en-GB","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/evidence\/ebm-toolbox\/bibliography\/#breadcrumblist"},"datePublished":"2017-03-29T12:25:02+01:00","dateModified":"2026-07-06T12:18:37+01:00"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/#website","url":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/","name":"BMJ Best Practice","description":"Straight to the Point of Care","inLanguage":"en-GB","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/#organization"}}]}},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"640","title":"Bibliography of key resources | #site_title","description":"Provides a bibliography of and links to key evidence-based medicine resources","keywords":null,"keyphrases":{"focus":{"keyphrase":"","score":0,"analysis":{"keyphraseInTitle":{"score":0,"maxScore":9,"error":1}}},"additional":[]},"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":"","og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"WebPage","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":"default","schema_type_options":"{\\\"article\\\":{\\\"articleType\\\":\\\"BlogPosting\\\"},\\\"course\\\":{\\\"name\\\":\\\"\\\",\\\"description\\\":\\\"\\\",\\\"provider\\\":\\\"\\\"},\\\"faq\\\":{\\\"pages\\\":[]},\\\"product\\\":{\\\"reviews\\\":[]},\\\"recipe\\\":{\\\"ingredients\\\":[],\\\"instructions\\\":[],\\\"keywords\\\":[]},\\\"software\\\":{\\\"reviews\\\":[],\\\"operatingSystems\\\":[]},\\\"webPage\\\":{\\\"webPageType\\\":\\\"WebPage\\\"}}","pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":"-1","robots_max_videopreview":"-1","robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":"default","location":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-07-06 11:19:47","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"open_ai":"{\"title\":{\"suggestions\":[],\"usage\":0},\"description\":{\"suggestions\":[],\"usage\":0}}","ai":{"faqs":[],"keyPoints":[],"schemas":[],"titles":[],"descriptions":[],"socialPosts":{"email":{"subject":"","preview":"","content":""},"linkedin":[],"twitter":[],"facebook":[],"instagram":[]}},"created":"2020-12-21 06:41:15","updated":"2026-07-06 11:19:47"},"aioseo_breadcrumb":"<div class=\"aioseo-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\" title=\"Home\">Home<\/a>\n<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">\u00bb<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/evidence\/\" title=\"Evidence\">Evidence<\/a>\n<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">\u00bb<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/evidence\/ebm-toolbox\/\" title=\"EBM Tools\">EBM Tools<\/a>\n<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">\u00bb<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\tBibliography of key resources\n<\/span><\/div>","aioseo_breadcrumb_json":[{"label":"Home","link":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info"},{"label":"Evidence","link":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/evidence\/"},{"label":"EBM Tools","link":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/evidence\/ebm-toolbox\/"},{"label":"Bibliography of key resources","link":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/evidence\/ebm-toolbox\/bibliography\/"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/640","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=640"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/640\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/808"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=640"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}