Summary

• A common finding, reported in up to 15% to 20% of subjects undergoing contrast echo.
• Usually asymptomatic but may be associated with cryptogenic stroke.
• Atrial septal aneurysm is a risk factor for PFO, and when present in combination is associated with an increased risk of CVA.
• Asymptomatic patients are generally observed without medical intervention.
• In patients with cryptogenic stroke or TIA, antiplatelet therapy or anticoagulation is indicated.
• In patients with recurrent stroke or TIAs despite antiplatelet agents, the patent foramen ovale may be closed percutaneously with a closure device.