Introduction

Alcohol dependence is a chronic, relapsing disorder that results from a variety of genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors. [1] It is characterised by increased tolerance to the effects of alcohol, the presence of characteristic withdrawal signs and symptoms, and impaired control over the quantity and frequency of drinking. [2] Prolonged exposure causes adaptive changes in brain receptors and neurotransmitters, leading to effects such as addiction, tolerance, and withdrawal. Alcohol dependence, particularly when chronic and severe, can be associated with a variety of medical and psychiatric sequelae.