Food allergy

Summary

  • Most reactions are from peanut, tree nuts, milk, egg, fish, shellfish, wheat, and soya. Symptoms usually appear within 20 minutes of ingestion and nearly always within 2 hours.
  • Symptoms and signs may vary from pruritus and mild cutaneous eruption to severe anaphylactic respiratory, GI, or cardiovascular (e.g., hypotensive) manifestations.
  • Epinephrine (adrenaline) given by intramuscular injection is the treatment of choice for severe systemic symptoms (anaphylaxis); lesser reactions are managed with a range of therapies from simple withdrawal of suspected food allergen to oral antihistamines.
  • Patients should be encouraged to obtain medical identification jewellery, be knowledgeable of the incipient signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction, be trained how to use self-injectable epinephrine (adrenaline), and know how to activate emergency response services.
Last updated: Sep 26, 2012
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