There is usually shoulder and upper arm swelling and bruising.

Possibility of paraesthesias or weakness in the arm.

Pain, particularly on upper extremity movement, and swelling.

After the swelling has subsided, the fracture can often be felt through the skin.

Pain is a common symptom of this injury and is usually severe.

Evidence of traumatic injury to the shoulder, such as swelling and bruising, is also commonly found.

Shoulder pain is the most common presenting symptom.

Pain is typically aggravated by over-head activities.

Patients may also complain of functional weakness, loss of motion, night pain, and pain in the deltoid region.

Acute pain and weakness may be seen following traumatic rotator cuff rupture.

Tenderness, swelling, and bruising of the shoulder.

Relatively rare.

Most patients present after high-energy trauma.

Typically, there is swelling, tenderness, crepitus, and bruising over the scapular region.

Some patients report a sudden pain in the anterior shoulder during activity.

This acute pain, frequently described as sharp in nature, may be accompanied by an audible pop or a perceived snapping sensation.

Pain occurs with palpation or movement of the shoulder or elbow.

Swelling and bruising are usually present.

Usually presents with a history of a fall on the outstretched hand.

Localised swelling, tenderness, and decreased motion to radial head.

The wrist, especially the distal radioulnar joint, may be damaged simultaneously.

Usually occurs in combination with a radial head fracture.

Patients often present with a history of a fall on the outstretched hand and a deformity of the elbow.

The presence of an unstable reduction of the elbow is suggestive of an associated coronoid fracture.

Medial elbow tenderness and swelling are the most notable findings.

Medial elbow pain is the most common symptom in athletes who throw.

Depending on the type of fracture and severity, patients may experience elbow swelling, deformity, crepitus, and paraesthesia or numbness.

Some patients may not have severe pain at rest, but elbow flexion and forearm rotations are limited and painful.

Patients usually state that something struck the affected knee.

On physical examination, there should not be any valgus laxity on abduction stress testing.

Softening and fissuring of articular hyaline cartilage.

Patients may report anterior knee pain, especially while climbing stairs.

Compression of the patella during flexion and extension of the knee elicits crepitation and discomfort.

Palpable defect in patellar ligament.

With complete tears, patient is unable to extend the knee.

With partial tears, patient is able to extend the knee, but extension may not be full.

Usually occurs in patients over 40 years of age.

Patients typically present with acute knee pain, swelling, and functional loss following a stumble, fall, or giving way of the knee.

Obvious suprapatellar swelling, bruising, and tenderness are present.

Symptoms may mimic those of a torn meniscus (e.g., snapping, clicking, and medial joint line tenderness).

Subluxation on twisting, turning, or pivoting. Some patients can feel it coming on; other patients are not able to feel it and may experience frequent falls due to their injury.

History of hyper-extension mechanism or a blow to anterior aspect of the knee.

Difficulty going down inclines, descending stairs, or running down hills.

Sensation of side-to-side toggle with activity.

Difficulty with twisting or turning.

Difficulty with running or pivoting.

Sensation of side-to-side toggle of knee with activity.

Weakness of foot and ankle that may be secondary to a concurrent common peroneal nerve neuropraxia or complete injury.

Patients frequently complain of mechanical symptoms in the knees such as catching, giving way, locking, clicking, and popping.

On physical examination, meniscal injuries may present with quadriceps atrophy; they often have an associated knee effusion, and tenderness localised to the joint line may be present.

Patients have immediate pain and swelling of the knee at the time of injury.

They also have significant pain with weight-bearing.

The mechanism of injury usually involves a high-force, twisting injury of the knee.

Patients often experience diffuse pain, swelling, and tingling.

Patients often experience diffuse pain, swelling, and tingling.

Patients notice the inability to extend the distal joint, although full passive extension remains intact.

The dorsum of the joint may be slightly tender and swollen, but often the injury is painless or nearly painless.