Europe

Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of ankle sprains: an evidence-based clinical guideline

Summary

An evidence-based, multidisciplinary guideline for all care providers (e.g., family and sports physicians, physiotherapists and occupational therapists, orthopaedic and trauma surgeons, radiologists) involved in the management of lateral ankle injuries. This guideline provides recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of recurrence of lateral ankle injury. Key treatment recommendations: 1. Ice and compression, in combination with rest and elevation, is an important treatment modality during the acute phase of lateral ankle injury. 2. Functional treatment (e.g., exercise therapy, immobilisation by means of tape or a brace) for 4 to 6 weeks is recommended and preferable to immobilisation in a cast, although a short period of plaster immobilisation (or similar rigid support) which facilitates a rapid decrease in pain and swelling can be helpful during the acute phase of lateral ankle injury. 3. Manual mobilisation of the ankle has limited added value and is not recommended. Ultrasound, laser, and electrotherapy have no added value and are not recommended. 4. Functional treatment is preferred over surgical therapy, although the latter may be considered for professional athletes on an individual basis.

North America

Diagnosis and treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture

Summary

Guideline based on a systematic review of published literature on the management of acute Achilles tendon rupture in adults.

Hip and groin disorders

Summary

Recommendations on various types of hip and groin disorders.

Ankle sprains in the paediatric athlete

Summary

Recommends the RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation) sequence for managing sprained ankles in young people. It also advocates rehabilitation programmes managed by trained physiotherapists to minimise the risk of re-injury. Return to sporting activities should be made slowly in a step-wise fashion.