總結

• Retinal consequence of chronic progressive diabetic microvascular leakage and occlusion.
• Aetiological factors include hyperglycaemia, hypertension, and possibly genetic factors.
• Sight-threatening signs include macular oedema, retinal or optic disc new vessels, and vitreous haemorrhage.
• Main goals of therapy are to improve glycaemic, lipid, and hypertensive control and ensure that sight-threatening disease is arrested before visual loss occurs.