Cystic fibrosis

Summary

  • Genetic multisystem disease associated with abnormalities in salt and water transport across epithelial surfaces affecting primarily the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.
  • Age of onset of symptoms is highly variable; implementation of newborn screening allows for early detection and treatment.
  • Most common manifestations are pancreatic dysfunction, resulting in calorie malabsorption, and lung disease, resulting from a cycle of mucus retention, infection, and inflammation.
  • A sweat test is the most conclusive test for diagnosis. Genetic testing may be required in some cases.
  • Respiratory disease treatment includes mucus thinners, airway clearance, and antibiotics.
  • Gastrointestinal disease is treated with supplemental pancreatic enzymes, calories, and fat-soluble vitamins to support growth and nutrition.
  • Although severely life-shortening, in the past 50 years average survival has increased dramatically to almost 38 years of age.
Last updated: Jan 15, 2013
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