Summary

• One of the most common complaints reported in primary care. Unmanaged insomnia can cost over US $100 billion each year due to accidents and poor work productivity.
• Associated with anxiety, depression, and physical complaints.
• Diagnosis is made primarily by patient interview. Sleep diaries, actigraphy, and polysomnography may assist in confirming diagnosis.
• Identification of the correct aetiology is essential, as interventions differ and may be harmful in some cases if the diagnosis is incorrect.
• Education regarding sleep hygiene techniques is useful to prevent chronic insomnia.
• The significant morbidity of insomnia indicates that it is a condition that warrants treatment.