Summary

• Common childhood-onset disorder characterised by inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity demonstrated across 2 or more settings (such as home and school).
• Some impairment must be present by 7 years of age and 60% to 70% of patients have persistent functional impairment into adulthood.
• Diagnosed by clinical history, which should include information from parents, carers, and teachers.
• Mainstay of treatment is stimulant medication, which can be effective in 85% of patients.
• Stimulant medications have been associated with cardiovascular side effects. These should be monitored in children with heart conditions.