总结

• Traumatic injuries usually caused by sports and interpersonal violence. In children, play and accidents are the most common causes.
• A careful assessment of the orbit injury may include examination of the facial bone, eyelids, and surrounding soft tissue; inspection of the globe; and visual acuity.
• A definitive diagnosis is confirmed by CT scan of the orbit.
• Urgent surgery is indicated in paediatric patients with signs of soft tissue (muscle) entrapment; namely upgaze limitation and the oculovagal response (presence of vagal stimulation by pressure to intraorbital structures, which results in bradycardia, hypotension, and nausea and/or vomiting). Surgery is delayed in most adult cases to allow oedema and haemorrhage to resolve. In small, non-blow-out fractures, conservative treatment may be considered.
• The use of goggles or safety glasses in contact sports is recommended to prevent orbital fractures and associated injuries.